How do we include animals in sociology? Although sociology’s initial avoidance of the nonhuman world may have been necessary to field’s development, recent scholarship – within mainstream sociology, environmental sociology and animal-centred research is helping expand horizons. With a focus on variety, this article reviews four key paths that researchers are taking their research: (1) studying ...

Abiotic stresses including salinity are the major limiting factors of growth and crop production worldwide. Microbial endophytes as the most important soil microorganisms, by modifying plants at genetical, physiological and ecological levels increase their yield per area unit and provide the possibility of crop production in saline and arid soils or climates with biotic and abiotic stresses. Th...

The mobility of chemicals released into the environment governs their bioavailability to organisms and their partitioning between environmental compartments, and thus represents a direct link between environmental pollution and ecotoxicity. The microand mesoscale transport processes involved are related to the properties of the chemicals themselves, but also to environmental compartments. Thus,...

introduction: educational environment is an important determinant of students’ behavior and its elements are associated with academic achievement and course satisfaction. the aim of this study was to determine students’expectations of the ideal educational environment. methods: this was a qualitative study with content analysis approach. using a theoretical sampling method, we selected eight st...