although, once, in the far past, sending gifts and missionaries was called a type of public diplomacy, today it is manifested as academic disciplines, policy making institutions, and multi-purpose organizations. the most important institutions of these kinds, now, exist in the us, whose purpose is to promote the politics of this country as public diplomacy and to follow local and international ...

in this article, the set of institutions which embody the form and contents of the economic system of islam is introduced. by institutions, it is meant the economic freedoms, the government, ownership, motivation, the mechanism for coordinating economic activities, power, organization and bureaucracy. after explaining islam’s outlook regarding these institutions, the form and the contents of th...

BETH DEFINABILITY IN INSTITUTIONS MARIUS PETRIA∗ AND RĂZVAN DIACONESCU Abstract. This paper studies definability within the theory of institutions, a version of abstract model This paper studies definability within the theory of institutions, a version of abstract model theory that emerged in computing science studies of software specification and semantics. We generalise the concept of definab...

In this paper we formalise the intuition of encoding an institution of structured specifications into another one by extending the concept of institution comorphism to the abstract framework of structured institutions. This allows us to define a category of comorphisms of structured institutions, and supports in this way the development of heterogeneous specification languages in which the actu...

Many economists and social scientists have recently emphasized the importance of government policies, economic, political and legal institutions, and more broadly, the organization of society.1 There is also mounting evidence that various institutional features are indeed important for economic growth.2 Nevertheless, despite important theoretical advances, we still lack an organizational framew...

I In 1961 Burenstam Linder (1961) rocked the boat of the prevailing Heckscher-Ohlin trade theory by noting that much of international trade, particularly in manufactures, was among similar countries, not between countries with disparate factor endowments (as between rich and poor countries). His explanation was in terms of demand, more trade taking place among relatively rich countries with sim...