The transitional government embarked on a Staff-Monitored Program (SMP) in 2020 to help address major macroeconomic imbalances caused by decades of mismanagement, lay the groundwork for inclusive growth, and establish track record sound policies required eventual HIPC debt relief. economic challenges facing authorities remain significant have been exacerbated COVID-19 pandemic, but there improv...

Using a comprehensive database of European firms, we study the effect of market entry regulations on the creation of new limited-liability firms, the average size of entrants, and the growth of incumbent firms. We find that costly regulations hamper the creation of new firms, especially in industries that should naturally have high entry. These regulations also force new entrants to be see fron...

Three selection models were evaluated to compare selection candidate rankings based on EBV and to evaluate subsequent effects of model-derived EBV on the selection differential and expected genetic response in the population. Data were collected from carcass- and ultrasound-derived estimates of loin i.m. fat percent (IMF) in a population of Duroc swine under selection to increase IMF. The model...

Purpose: International economic institutions occupy a great position at the level of global economies by providing financial support to member countries. These also seek study their international and extent capabilities confront crises that afflict developed developing countries, as they have contributed addressing faced countries world. Since its inception repercussions potential risks threate...

Extensive evidence confirms that creating the conditions for a deep and efficient financial system can contribute robustly to sustained economic growth and lower poverty (e.g., see Beck, Levine, and Loayza 2000, Honohan 2004a, and World Bank 2001a). Moreover, in all levels of development, continued efficient and effective provision of financial services requires that financial policies and fina...

We would like to thank Abhijit Banerjee, Angus Deaton, Michael Kremer, Andrew Warner, David Weil and participants at the Harvard-MIT Growth and Development Workshop for helpful comments and suggestions. In addition, we are grateful to Leonardo Bartolini and Alan Drazen for providing a tabulation of the IMF data on capital controls. All opinions expressed are those of the authors and not those o...

design of a logistics network in proper way provides a proper platform for efficient and effective supply chain management. this paper studies a multi-period, multi echelon and multi-product integrated forward-reverse logistics network under uncertainty. first, an efficient complex mixed-integer linear programming (milp) model by considering some real-world assumptions is developed for the inte...

This paper argues that changes in intergovernmental relations in Japan in the post-war period are best understood in terms of an integrationist as opposed to a separationist model. While the latter model emphasizes the benefits of autonomy for local governments and of competition among them, the former stresses the benefits of minimizing coordination problems and building capacity through the s...

Introduction A t the conclusion of World War II, several international institutions were created to manage the world economy and prevent another Great Depression. These institutions include the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (now called the World Bank), and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), which was expanded and ins...