Critical literacy is widely practiced in classrooms in many countries and across levels of education. Research that explores critical literacy in English as a second language (ESL) and English as a foreign language (EFL) classrooms, however, remains scarce. The few studies that do exist focus on development of critical literacy without explicit attention to development of language skills (see, ...

Writing skill is one of the four language skills in learning English language in EFL setting. The role of self-esteem in learning second language as is one of the major important factors is very vital; because, success or failure of a learner depends mostly on the degree of ones' self-esteem. This research aimed at investigating the correlation between self-esteem and English writing achievemen...

This study focuses on the relationship between lower-intermediate level EFL learners’ metacognitive awareness and accuracy in self-assessment of a speaking test. We tried to raise the learners’ metacognitive awareness through practice in goal-setting and planning. To do so, 103 lower-intermediate level students took a pretest of speaking, completed a metacognitive awareness questionnaire, and h...

It may seem easy for advanced learners to use collocation properly. This is not the case for students who are at the intermediate level. At this learning stage, students struggle to use words correctly. This study looks at students‟ usage of collocation qualitatively and quantitatively, hoping to give suggestions to teachers to help students work on certain errors. 98 writing samples under two ...

this study has examined the effect of semantic mapping on learning vocabulary across genders. the researchers selected 120 intermediate students after the administration of a standard proficiency test. a vocabulary test was also used to measure the students’ vocabulary knowledge. the experimental group received semantic mapping in the pre-reading stage, butthe control group did not receive this...

this study investigated the characteristics of effective secondary school iranian efl teachers from students’ and teachers’ perspectives. to this end, 376 junior secondary school students and 32 efl teachers teaching at various iranian secondary schools participated in the study. a validated open-ended questionnaire was distributed among the student and teacher participants and asked for their ...

Phonological-based instruction, namely phonological awareness instruction (PA) and phonics instruction, has shown to be effective on early literacy skills among young children in western countries. Children who learn English as a foreign language (EFL) learn to read English differently from children in English-dominant societies. Effectiveness of the instruction in the EFL context is much less ...