.......................................................................................................................... 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................... 7 1. TERMS OF REFERENCE ........................................................................................... 11 2. BACKGROUND .....................

Australia is investing in the Primary Health Care Research, Evaluation and Development (PHCRED) strategy to redress a lack of quality primary care research. This study examines whether direct experience with data that are valuable in managing every day clinical decisions would overcome the interplay of factors that reduce general practitioner participation in research.

The European Commission created the Expert Panel on Effective Ways of Investing in Health (EXPH) in 2012. The EXPH started its activities in July 2013 and ended its first term in May 2016. A personal review of the Expert Panel contributions in its first term is provided.

Abstract Climate change and soil fertility decline are major threats to smallholder farmers' food nutrition security in southern Africa, cropping systems that improve health needed address these challenges. Cropping invest organic matter, such as no-tillage (NT) with crop residue retention, have been proposed potential solutions. However, a key challenge for assessing the sustainability of NT i...