this paper explores the importance of oil sector in providing input for economic sectors and also its changes during the last decades in iran. to that end, the partial and total forward linkage between oil sector and other domestic production sectors as well as their changes are examined using the input-output tables of the years 1986 and 2001. and also based on the information on hand, perform...

Available online 19 September 2012 JEL classification: C72 D72 D74

Purpose- Airline industry is very important for modern society and has a crucial role globalization business development by connecting regions, promoting global trade tourism hence enabling economic social development. Over the last two decades, troubled airlines were oftenly on news delebrating financial difficulties, layouts distrupted sceduled flights. Covid-19 also impact deterioration of d...

this paper estimates a structural cointegrating varx model with exogenous variables for iran. the long-run macroeconomic relationships are identified and tested within this framework. we make use of the generalized forecast error variance decomposition to analyze the dynamic properties of the model in response to different shocks. we also examine via the persistence profiles, the speed of adjus...

this paper examines the impact of 2005 presidential election of iran on the tehran stock exchange volatility as a political shock. it uses garch family (fiegarch, egarch, and garch) and markov regime switching (mrs) models as the analytical frameworks for the main the stock daily prices index. our findings confirm statistical validity of arima – fiegarch-x and ar(1) mrs as appropriate specifica...

the purpose of this article is the measurement of technical efficiency and returns to scale using data envelopment (dea) approach. in this study, we have measured efficiency quantity and economies of scale for state owned insurance and private companies for 1384-1385 periods. the results reveal that in the dea with the assumption of variable returns to scale, iran, tosee and razi companies have...

Azomethane (AM) gas was identified as a major metabolite of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (1,2-DMH) in the expired air of F344 rats. The compound was characterized by highpressure liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, and mass spectrometry, in comparison to a synthetic standard. At a dose of 21 mg 1,2-DMH/kg sc, approximately 14 and 11% of the dose were exhaled as AM and C02, respectively, in 24 h...

Studies on the influence of light on respiration have yielded different results with different organisms. In some instances results were interpreted as evidence for light stimulation of respiration (3, 4, 5, 6), in other cases for photoinhibition (8, 13), and in still other examples for a negligible effect (1). With a given species simultaneous measurements of respiratory and photosynthetic 02 ...