AT THE onset of this century, two Boer states, the South African Republic, and the Orange Free State, with a combined force of about 87,000 men, were locked in a guerilla war against a British Empire military organization of nearly 450,000 men and 520,000 horses. The Boers' commando tactics enabled them to hold out from October 1899 to May 1902. They were inevitably defeated, but only after an ...

the religion of islam is a proclaimer of peace. in this religion, war has been legalized to defend individual, national and human rights. in accordance with the political islamic jurisprudence, the contracts of obligation (thimmah), security (amān) case fire (hodneh), peace (solh) and arbitration (tahkīm) are considered as the ways of putting an end to a war. a contract of obligation (thimmah) ...

Hovering over the peace negotiations in progress in former Yugoslavia is the international community's determination to bring to trial as war criminals those political and military leaders responsible for atrocities in Bosnia. The question clearly presented is that, however desirable the idea of war crimes accountability might appear in the abstract, pursuing the goal of a war crimes tribunal m...

The term “ultima ratio” has multiple, though related, meanings. The motto “ultima ratio regum,” cast on the cannons of the French army of King Louis XIV, meant that war is the last argument of kings, that is, the one to be used after all diplomatic arguments have failed. Along similar lines, we propose that, given the current evidence, renal denervation should be used as a last resort, after st...

Although the total number of horses raised in Japan dramatically decreased after World War II, because draft horses were still used for farm work in paddy fields and on farms during the period of the 1950s and 1960s, a performance test for selecting better draft horses was needed. In order to determine the most suitable size of draft horses for Japanese farm conditions, the working power of hor...