This paper elaborates on a factor that plays a role in receptive multilingualism, namely the influence of a second language (L2). We investigated whether knowledge of German can help Dutch people to decode written Danish words when they do not know any Danish. We instructed 32 participants with Dutch as a native language (L1) and different levels of proficiency in German as an L2 to translate 4...

Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates processes including mRNA translation, proliferation, and survival [1]. As a central element signaling cell growth and enhancing protein translation, (mTOR), when inhibited, induces autophagy. Moreover, as a critical feedback mechanism, reactivation of mTOR terminates autophagy and initiates lysosome reformation [2]...

Using fMRI, we conducted two types of property generation task that involved language switching, with early bilingual speakers of Korean and Chinese. The first is a more conventional task in which a single language (L1 or L2) was used within each trial, but switched randomly from trial to trial. The other consists of a novel experimental design where language switching happens within each trial...

Antisera to the human erythrocyte Glc transporter immunoblotted a polypeptide of Mr 55,000 in membranes from human hepatocarcinoma cells, Hep G2, human fibroblasts, W138, and murine preadipocytes, 3T3-L1. This antisera immunoprecipitated the erythrocyte protein which had been photoaffinity labeled with [3H]cytochalasin B, immunoblotted its tryptic fragment of Mr 19,000, and immunoblotted the de...

Two major categories of melanoma metastases have been observed based on gene expression profiling and confirmatory assays. One subgroup of patients has an inflamed phenotype that includes expression of chemokines, T cell markers, and other immunoregulatory factors. In contrast, the other major subset lacks this phenotype and appears to display immune “exclusion”. The optimal immunotherapeutic i...

We conducted a lexical decision task to measure Spanish-English/English-Spanish bilinguals’ behavioral (RT) and electrophysiological (EPN, Early Posterior Negativity LPC, Late Positive Complex) responses English emotion words their Spanish translation equivalents. Bilingual participants varied in age of acquisition (AoA Spanish/English: early, late), language status (L1 Spanish, L1 English) dom...

We describe a multilingual Open Source CALL game, CALL-SLT, which reuses speech translation technology developed using the Regulus platform to create an automatic conversation partner that allows intermediate-level language students to improve their uency. We contrast CALL-SLT with Wang's and Seneff's “translation game” system, in particular focussing on three issues. First, we argue that the g...

background: l1 retrotransposons are the most active mobile dna elements in human genome. unregulated l1 retrotransposition may have deleterious effect by disrupting vital genes and inducing genomic instabilities. therefore, human cells control l1 elements by silencing their activities through epigenetic mechanisms. it has been shown that cell division and heavy metals stimulate the frequency of...

Translation is recognized as a specific linguistic ability in bilinguals. Yet, we know little about what factors influence translation ability, especially at the sentence level. In this study, adults were asked to translate sentences from English (L2) into Italian (L1). We hypothesized that (1) adults with later age of arrival in Canada would perform better in translating into their native lang...