Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension (SIH) is usually due to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, resulting in loss of CSF volume. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) the inability posterior circulation brain autoregulate response significant variation blood pressure. Altered perfusion with associated blood-brain barrier disruption may lead vasogenic edema, without infarction, common...

Abstract The volume of water losses depends largely on the approach to active leakage control networks. Losses comprise physical (leakages transmission and/or distribution networks, at utility’s storage tanks, and service connections), commercial (unauthorised consumption metering inaccuracies data handling errors) unbilled authorised (unbilled metered unmetered consumption). Reduction real may...

Leak compensating abilities of six different positive pressure ventilators commonly used to deliver noninvasive positive pressure ventilation, including the bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) S/T-D and Quantum (Respironics Inc, Murrysville, PA, USA), 335 and O'NYX (Mallinckrodt Inc, St Louis, MO, USA), PLV 102 (Respironics), and Siemens Servo 900C (Siemens Inc, Danvers, MA, USA). Using a ...

Objective: To explore whether combined detrusor and external urethral sphincter botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) injections can decrease leak point pressure (LPP) in patients with incontinence secondary to spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods: A prospective, single-center, single-blind and randomized controlled trial was conducted from June 2013 to August 2015. SCI patients with urinary incontinence seco...

This paper will give an introduction to the leak detection of vacuum systems. Various methods to detect leaks as well as the most widely used helium leak detectors and their different applications are presented. Practical examples in the context of accelerator vacuum systems will illustrate the topic.

KEY POINTS Ca leak from the sarcoplasmic reticulum through the ryanodine receptor (RyR) reduces the amplitude of the Ca transient and slows its rate of decay. In the presence of β-adrenergic stimulation, RyR-mediated Ca leak produces a biphasic decay of the Ca transient with a fast early phase and a slow late phase. Two forms of Ca leak have been studied, Ca-sensitising (induced by caffeine) an...

Background: Bile duct leak is an infrequent but serious disorder. The great majority occurs after hepatobiliary surgery. Early recognition and adequate multidisciplinary approach is the cornerstone for the optimal final outcomes. Traditionally, surgery has been the gold standard for the management of bile leak, but it is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Biliary endoscopic pr...

results the mean age was 45.6 ± 13.1 (24 to 74 ) years. twenty-two were normal responders [considered as non-organic causes (37.3% of all patients)], 27 were classified as venous leakage, eight had arterial insufficiency and two were mixed type. maximum psv occurred before the fifth minute in 47 patients (92.2%). eight patients completed all phases of erection in the first 5 minutes. we defined...