The aim of this paper is numerical and experimental study of the effects of flow hydraulics, pipe structure (particularly elastic behaviour) and submerged jet on leak behaviour. In this regard, experimental tests were performed on a high-pressure circulation set up. Experiments were performed on an old steel pipe and a High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) pipe discharged to the atmosphere in a wide...

INTRODUCTION The cuff-leak test has been proposed as a simple method to predict the occurrence of post-extubation stridor. The test is performed by cuff deflation and measuring the expired tidal volume a few breaths later (VT). The leak is calculated as the difference between VT with and without a deflated cuff. However, because the cuff remains deflated throughout the respiratory cycle a volum...

BACKGROUND Double lumen dialysis catheters are routinely heparin or citrate 'locked' to maintain patency. Heparin lock-related bleeding episodes and antibiotic lock-related toxicity have been reported. The aim of this study is to quantify the amount of leak during 'lock' procedures and to compare leakage for different double lumen dialysis catheters. METHODS In an experimental, in vitro study...

Introduction: Methane is one of the most widely used gases in industries with a high flammability potential. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of ventilation systems installed on methane valve pits based on hazardous areas classification. Material and Methods: This study was implemented in a steel industry in Qom Province in 2019. The tools used in this study were a DELTA OHM pitot t...

BACKGROUND Post-extubation stridor occurs after translaryngeal intubation results to re-intubation in a number of patients. OBJECTIVE To determine the cut-off value of the cuff leak volume test among Thai patients as a predictor for post-extubation stridor MATERIAL AND METHOD Demographic data and cuff leak volume were collected from patients who had been intubated with planned extubation. C...

Post-extubation stridor and upper-airway obstruction are multifactorial in etiology and can occur as a result of laryngotracheal edema, intubation trauma, excessive cuff pressure with mucosal ulceration, and prolonged intubation with secondary inflammation and granuloma formation.1 Cuff leak tests (CLTs) were introduced in an attempt to predict post-extubation upper-airway obstruction and reduc...

INTRODUCTION I-gel is a relatively new supra-glotitc airway device which is claimed to be superior to laryngeal mask airway. It can be used ingeneral anesthesia with spontaneous ventilation as well as with positive pressure ventilation.This study was designed to assess whether I-gel creates adequate laryngeal seal during positive pressure ventilation in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery....

OBJECTIVES To evaluate mask technique during simulated neonatal resuscitation and test the effectiveness of training in optimal mask handling. STUDY DESIGN Seventy participants(consultants, registrars and nurses) from neonatal units were asked to administer positive pressure ventilation at a flow of 8 l/min and a frequency of 40-60/min to a modified leak free, term newborn manikin (lung compl...

Stridor following tracheal extubation occurs in approximately 5% of all patients, and approximately 1% of all patients require reintubation for upper-airway obstruction.1 Patients at increased risk for stridor and upper-airway obstruction following extubation include female patients; children,2 particularly those with acute respiratory-tract infections (croup);3 patients who have incurred facia...

Systemic capillary leak syndrome is characterized by recurrent hypovolemic shock attributable to increased systemic capillary leakage. A 26-year-old woman was admitted because of recurrent episodes of hypovolemic shock. Hemoconcentration, hypoalbuminemia, and monoclonal gammopathy were observed. We diagnosed systemic capillary leak syndrome. Three years later, she again had an attack of systemi...