The requirement for flexible operation is becoming increasingly important in modern industrial systems. This requirement has to be supported at all system levels, including the field level in process industry, as well as the cell and machine control levels in manufacturing industry, where fieldbus-based communication systems are commonly found. Furthermore, typical applications at these levels ...

We introduce a new programming language called INI, which eases the development of self-adaptive software. INI combines both rulebased and event-based programming paradigms, by allowing the definitions of rules that can be triggered by events. Besides a convenient language-level support for synchronization, the key point with INI events is that they come with a configuration layer, which is set...

The time-triggered paradigm encompasses a set of concepts and principles that support the design of highly dependable hard real-time systems. The concept of a sparse time base enables a consistent view of events and supports the identification of a global system state. As a prerequisite, clock synchronization is necessary across the distributed system. A concise description of interfaces in bot...

Context. Bright-rimmed clouds (BRCs) are isolated molecular clouds located on the edges of evolved HII regions. Star formation within these clouds may have been triggered through the propagation of photoionisation-induced shocks driven by the expansion of the HII region. Aims. The main focus of this paper is to investigate the current level of star formation within a sample of southern hemisphe...

This paper presents how communication exploration can be done in a design process of distributed embedded systems. Distributed embedded systems involve various communication categories such as event-triggered and time-triggered communication. Therefore, communication exploration is as important as architecture exploration. A design process begins from abstract specification without assuming any...

Increase in intracellular superoxide anion level has been found to inhibit Fas-mediated apoptosis. However, not much has been studied on the relationship between intracellular superoxide and caspases. In response to incubation with TNF ligand over a period of time, caspases-2, -3, -8, and -9 activities of M14TF cells showed increasing caspase activity, meaning apoptosis was triggered. However, ...

Context. Bright-rimmed clouds (BRCs) are isolated molecular clouds located on the edges of evolved HII regions. Star formation within these clouds may have been triggered through the propagation of photoionisation-induced shocks driven by the expansion of the HII region. Aims. The main focus of this paper is to investigate the current level of star formation within a sample of southern hemisphe...

Mobile computers often beneet from software which adapts to its location. For example, a computer might be backed up when at the ooce, or the default printer might always be a nearby one. In many existing systems, location-triggered actions are only possible for speciic applications or with special infrastructure. This paper describes lcron, a system which supports user-conngurable actions trig...

Mobile computers often bene t from software which adapts to its location For example a computer might be backed up when at the o ce or the default printer might always be a nearby one In many existing systems location triggered actions are only possible for speci c applications or with special infrastructure This paper describes lcron a system which supports user con gurable actions triggered o...

........................................................................................................................................................ 2 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 6 1.1 Background ....................................................................