the plant-pathogen interaction is a multifactor process that may lead to resistance or susceptible responses of plant to pathogens. during the arms race between plant and pathogens, various biochemical, molecular and physiological events are triggered in plant cells such as ros signaling, hormone activation and gene expression reprogramming. in plants, micrornas (mirnas) are key post-transcript...

Quantum dot cellular automata (QCA) introduces a pioneer technology in nano scale computer architectures. Employing this technology is one of the solutions to decrease the size of circuits and reducing power dissipation. In this paper, two new optimized FlipFlops with reset input are proposed in quantum dot cellular automata technology. In addition, comparison with related works is performed.Th...

Abstract The existence of ancient fluvial systems on Mars is widely accepted, but little known about how quickly they formed, or what environmental conditions controlled their evolution. We analyzed a sequence well-preserved inner-bank bar deposits within the meander bends multistacked sinuous ridge in Aeolis Dorsa and compared them to similar features Earth establish required for formation. Ou...

The need for evidence concerning ICT’s positive effects on learning has been recognised since the early instances of computer aided learning (Rushby 1979), yet over the past 25 years, the results of our quest for such evidence have been less than overwhelming. Yet it seems that increasing numbers of educators are convinced of ICT’s potential and, despite our inability to demonstrate clear gains...

Wireless telecommunications started as an offshoot of wireline telephony and with the absence of global standards resulted in regional standardization. Two major mobile telecommunication standards have dominated the global wireless market, namely, TDMA/CDMA developed by TIA in North America and GSM developed by ETSI in Europe. As we move toward 3 generation wireless, there is a need to develop ...