Introduction: Most periodontal treatments aim to reduce probing depths and maintaining or improving attachment. One of these techniques for treatment of intrabony defects is guided tissue regeneration (GTR). The aim of this study was to compare one-wall intrabony defects treatment with GTR and flap debridement alone. Methods: Eight patients aged 32-43 years participated in this randomized contr...

In this investigation the effects of excess vitamin A administration during the early embryonic period were studied. Intramuscular injection of a single dose of 15000,20000 or 25000 IU/kg vitamin A to pregnant Balb/c strain mice on either day 7,8,9 or 10 of gestation (vaginal plug= day 0 of gestation) produced major malformations in the central nervous system (CNS) including exencephaly, h...

Using gene targeting, we have created mice with a disruption in the homeobox-containing gene hoxd-11. Homozygous mutants are viable and the only outwardly apparent abnormality is male infertility. Skeletons of mutant mice show a homeotic transformation that repatterns the sacrum such that each vertebra adopts the structure of the next most anterior vertebra. Defects are also seen in the bones o...

subluxation of the proximal interphalangeal joint (pipj or pastern joint) is an uncommon condition that occurs in the forelimb or hindlimb. thoroughbred racehorses rarely show dorsal pastern subluxation (thoroughbred ringbone) secondarily to an injury to the soft tissues supporting the fetlock. a 4-year-old thoroughbred mare was presented with signs of lameness, swelling of the dorsal aspect of...

Retinoic acid is a signaling molecule involved in the regulation of growth and morphogenesis during development. There are three types of nuclear receptors for all-trans retinoic acid in mammals, RAR alpha, RAR beta, and RAR gamma, which transduce the retinoic acid signal by inducing or repressing the transcription of target genes (Leid, M., P. Kastner, and P. Chambon. 1992. Trends Biochem. Sci...

study question: Does first trimester maternal influenza infection increase the risk of non-chromosomal congenital anomalies (CA)? summaryanswer: First trimestermaternal influenza exposure is associatedwith raised riskof a numberof non-chromosomalCA, including neural tube defects, hydrocephaly, congenital heart defects, cleft lip, digestive system defects and limb reduction defects. what is know...

The importance of the complete absence of a hemidiaphragm or unilateral diaphragmatic agenesis in adulthood in relation to performing laparoscopic procedures has not been well documented. This article reports for the first time in literature a case of successful laparoscopic cholecystectomy in an adult with previously undiagnosed unilateral diaphragmatic agenesis. A 36-year-old female complaini...

Holt-Oram syndrome was first described in 1960 as an association of familial heart disease and musculoskeletal abnormalities. The most important findings include atrial septal defects, atrioventricular conduction abnormalities, vascular hypoplasia, and upper limb musculoskeletal deformities. We report two patients with this syndrome in the same family and discuss the variability of the musculos...

Subluxation of the proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ or pastern joint) is an uncommon condition that occurs in the forelimb or hindlimb. Thoroughbred racehorses rarely show dorsal pastern subluxation (Thoroughbred ringbone) secondarily to an injury to the soft tissues supporting the fetlock. A 4-year-old Thoroughbred mare was presented with signs of lameness, swelling of the dorsal aspect of...