The unequal distribution of neurosurgical resources and diseases in the world contributes to inequality. Eight in ten neurosurgical cases needing essential neurosurgical care are found in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs); however, LMICs lack the neurosurgical resources to address these needs. Besides, where neurosurgical care is available, it is not financially accessible to the majorit...

Despite growing interest in urban consumption amenities, little is known about their origin and importance. This paper estimates the consumption value of urban density by combining travel microdata with Google’s local business data. This dataset allows to integrate travel costs into a discrete choice model for restaurants. I find that in high density areas, consumers enjoy large benefits from v...

Using microdata from CoreLogic and Gallup between 2008 and 2014, we study the impact of foreclosures on individual well-being. We identify the causal effect of foreclosures by instrumenting them using variation in interest rate spikes associated with different types of adjustable rate mortgages (ARMs), conditional on controls and zipcode and time fixed effects. We find that a 10% rise in forecl...

Natural environments and the amenities they offer have fueled much of the population growth in the rural United States (Deller et al. 2001, English et al. 2ooo). In fact, the fastest growing counties in the United States during the early 1990s were non-metropolitan counties that were destinations for retirees or that offered outdoor recreation opportunities (Johnson and Beale 1994). Migration t...

1 Much of the intuition on household sorting was theoretical work in local public finance that started i includes Epple and Zelenitz (1981), Epple et al. (19 Fernandez and Rogerson (1996), Nechyba (1997) and E 2 Recent examples are found in Barrow and Rouse Bajari and Kahn (2005). 3 As Rubinfeld (1987) points out “the value and usef likely to diminish in the future, and an alternative or alte Q...

natural resources protection not only depends on technology but also on local institutions and organizations. using local organizations like islamic rural councils (ircs) is an alternative to make a proper sustainable organizational framework for managing natural resources as they have the effective role in enhancing rural participation. hence, many countries seek to exhort and use the local pa...

Dar es Salaam is exceptional in East Africa for having a record of relatively little ethnic tension, and remaining tranquil and true to its name, the ‘harbour of peace’. This paper explores the interface between ethnic and national identities in Tanzania’s capital city, focusing on its ethnic foundations and their malleability with regard to nationalism, asking how nationalist identities were n...

Using the 2007 National Survey of Children’s Health data, we find a statistically and economically significant effect of neighborhood parks and playgrounds on childhood obesity based on covariate matching estimators. The park/playground effect depends on gender, age, race, household income, neighborhood safety, and other neighborhood amenities. The results suggest that adding a neighborhood par...