The surface leakage in InAs/GaSb type-II superlattice (T2SL) is studied experimentally and theoretically for photodiodes with small sizes down to 10 × μm2. dependence of dark current density on mesa size at 110 200 K, shown impact both generation–recombination (GR) diffusion mechanisms. A quasi-3-dimensional model simulate the fabrication process using traps pixel's sidewall presented used accu...

Surface diffusion of interacting adsorbates is here analyzed within the context of two fundamental phenomena of quantum dynamics, namely the quantum Zeno effect and the anti-Zeno effect. The physical implications of these effects are introduced here in a rather simple and general manner within the framework of non-selective measurements and for two (surface) temperature regimes: high and very l...

Surface diffusion of mobile adsorbates is not only the key to control the rate of dynamical processes on solid surfaces, e.g. epitaxial growth, but also of fundamental importance for recent technological applications, such as nanoscale electro-mechanical, tribological, and surface probing devices. Though several possible regimes of surface diffusion have been suggested, the nanoscale surface Br...

Air pollution has been a major topic of debate in highly developed areas over the last quarter century and therefore mitigation of poor air quality for health and environmental reasons has been a primary focus for local governments. Particulate matter, especially finer particles (PM2.5), is detrimental to human health, and urban expansion is thought to be a contributing factor to enhanced level...

The phenomenon of urbanization and population growth is a major global concern, as both emerging old cities continue to expand, particularly in developing countries. Nigeria's urban has grown dramatically over the last five decades, resulting shrinking green spaces forest, well increased island heat. As result, this study looked into existing predicted land use cover (LULC), surface temperature...

Hydrological status and water table fluctuations are directly related to land use and/or land cover (LULC) changes in each area. In this research, the impact of LULC changes on groundwater quantity and quality of Khan-Mirza Plain, in the northern Karun watersheds, was investigated. For this purpose, Landsat 5, 7 and 8 satellite images and ETM and OLI sensors were employed to prepare the L...

Describing urban terrain and land use/land cover (LULC) characteristics accurately is an essential element in environmental modeling, assessment and management. Urban terrain and LULC information are especially important in meteorological modeling applications, such as simulations of atmospheric flow over cities, defining surface energy budgets, and fate and transport studies of urban contamina...