algae have been proven efficient biological vectors for heavy metal uptake. in order to further study their biosorption potential, two strains spirogyra sp. and spirulina sp. have been studied under different initial metal concentrations. in recent years, the biosorption processes have been studied extensively using microbial biomass as biosorbent for heavy metal ions removal. in these studies,...

(1) Background: Well-known monosodium glutamate (E-621, MSG), originally used as a food flavor enhancer, was approved approximately in all countries, but the toxicity versus safety of (MSG) are still unclear due to variable scientific toxicological reports. Moreover, it reported trigger elevated frequencies nausea and headaches humans provide deleterious effects on laboratory animals. The objec...

Tilapia is the second most farmed fish in tropical and sub-tropical countries worldwide. This study investigated effect of replacing meal by Spirulina platensis (groups fed with 5%, 10% 15% Spirulina) on growth Nile tilapia O. niloticus juveniles. Intestinal microbiota has been studied MiSeq Illumina sequencing. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed for protein, carbohydrate li...

Recent research reveals that free bilirubin functions physiologically as a potent inhibitor of NADPH oxidase activity. The chromophore phycocyanobilin (PCB), found in blue-green algae and cyanobacteria such as Spirulina, also has been found to be a potent inhibitor of this enzyme complex, likely because in mammalian cells it is rapidly reduced to phycocyanorubin, a close homolog of bilirubin. I...