In his seminal work, Constantinides (1986) finds that transaction cost has only a second order effect on liquidity premia. In this paper, we show that incorporating the well-established time-varying return dynamics across trading and nontrading periods can produce a first order effect that is much greater than that found by the existing literature and comparable to empirical evidence. Surprisin...

We argue that there is a connection between the interbank market for liquidity and the broader financial markets, which has its basis in demand for liquidity by banks. Tightness in the interbank market for liquidity leads banks to engage in what we term “liquidity pull-back”, e.g., selling assets in order to generate liquidity for themselves. By definition, trade in a highly liquid asset involv...

Inter-Temporal Trade Clustering and Two-Sided Markets We show that equity markets are two-sided and that trades cluster in certain half-hour periods for both NYSE and Nasdaq stocks under a broad range of conditions – news and non-news days, different times of the day, and a spectrum of trade sizes. By “two-sided” we mean that the arrivals of buyer-initiated and seller-initiated trades in half-h...

The impact of information technology on productivity has been debated for two decades. While some studies in the1980s found no contribution of IT to output, more recent studies have found a positive return to IT investment in several industries. However, we have a limited understanding of industry differences in these returns, in particular as to why productivity enhancements in the trade and s...

information asymmetry in stock market can increase the risk of investment which in turn increases the capital cost of firms. bhattacharya (1979) proposed a hypothesis that states dividend can act as a powerful signal in order to solve information asymmetry problem. we measured information asymmetry by lack of earnings transparency. therefore we examine the effect of earnings transparency on cap...

the present study aimed at investigating the existence of long memory properties in ten emerging stock markets across the globe. when return series exhibit long memory, it indicates that observed returns are not independent over time. if returns are not independent, past returns can help predict future returns, thereby violating the market efficiency hypothesis. it poses a serious challenge to ...

Constantinides (1986) finds that transaction cost has only a second order effect on liquidity premia. In this paper, we show that simply incorporating the well-established time-varying return dynamics across trading and nontrading periods generates a first order effect that is much greater than that found by the existing literature and comparable to empirical evidence. Surprisingly, the higher ...

afghanistan as the largest producer of drug in the world, after the events of september 11, 2001, and attack of international forces following the resolution of the un, has been increasingly important in international politics. the range of effects from illigal drug trade in afghanistan and the countries on the way of transition and trafficking target market, has caused special attention paid t...