In the previous article under the above title a brief introduction of two rare and most valuable medical manuscripts of the Qutub Shahi period viz. IKHTIYARAT-E·QUTUB SHAHI and RISAL-E-MEQDARIAH, was presented. Now, a brief not e on three such manuscripts is being presented in this article. The names of these manuscripts are TARJUMA-E-TAZKERAT-UL KEHHALEEN. ZUBDAT·UL-HIKAM and TIBB-E-FAREEO, wh...

Unlike Egypt, Iraq accommodated not one but two provincial identities, the Assyrian and the Babylonian. Both cultures had of course suffered violent destruction on their fall a thousand years before the Arab conquests as Nabopolassar and the Medes turned Assyria into ' heaps and ruins' in 612 B.C. so Xerxes razed the walls of Babylon, expropriated its citizens and turned its god into bullion af...

in literary histories written in both iran and the west it has generally be assumed that early modern persian literary works are (technically inferior) copies of western literary works. this has been and is still a claim. almost no academically and scientifically sound works has substantiated this claim. while there is no point in denying a european influence on early modern persian literature,...

emphasizing collective memory and based on bakhtin's idea of the dialogical principle and multi-voice novelistic discourse, as well as considering the idea of the perspectival truth of historical fact, the present paper deals with the capacity of the history-oriented novel genre in introducing multiple perspectives of history. such an emphasize and description can be connected to analyzing...

This study empirically establishes a link between medieval trade, agglomeration and contemporary regional development in ten European countries. It documents a statistically and economically significant positive relationship between prominent involvement in medieval trade and commercial activities and regional economic development today. Further empirical analyses show that medieval trade posit...

This debate takes up the question whether concept of »state« can be used meaningfully in context medieval studies. The opening article by Brent D. Shaw addresses political organization Roman empire, and develops a comprehensive argument why even high standards it should regarded as state. six comments Nicola Di Cosmo (Chinese History), Stefano Gasparri Cristina La Rocca, Hans-Werner Goetz, RÃ...

What is the relevance of Persianate as a category analysis in world wherein even literature continues to be framed literary history discrete nations? First coined by historian Marshall Hodgson 1974, initially referred cultures such Georgian, Armenian, Chaghatay, Urdu, and Ottoman, which were heavily influenced lexically culturally Persian without themselves being related linguistically. Gradual...

Numerous ancient sources attest that Artemisia of Halicarnassus, a fifth-century bce tyrant whose polis came under Persian rule in 524 bce, figures prominently Xerxes' naval campaign against Greece. At least since Pompeius Trogus' first-century Philippic History, interpretations have juxtaposed her "virile courage" (uirilem audaciam) with "womanish fear" (muliebrem timorem) primarily as means b...