many studies concerning persian history have been performed. persian physicians and scientists greatly contributed to medical sciences by their own observations, experimentations and skills through more than seven thousand years of persian history. in persian medieval medicine, different fields were described. among these fields, neurological disorders, especially headache and epilepsy were exp...

Although the connection between head and stomach and hence the condition known as "gastric headache" was well known to the ancients, it has received little attention since the early 20th century. Herein, we review the teachings of the medieval Persian physicians about the gastric headache along with the related signs, symptoms, types and causes. The medieval Persian scholars adopted the main id...

Ibn Sina is regarded as one of the greatest physicians, thinkers and medical scholars in the history of medicine. Ibn Sina, a Persian scholar in the medieval era, wrote a famous book of medicine, the Canon of Medicine. The book was adopted as the main textbook of medicine in most Western and Persian universities. In the present critique, we analyzed the functional and anatomic descriptions of t...

Neuropathic pain is supposed to be a post-renaissance described medical entity. Although it is often believed that John Fothergill (1712-1780) provided the first description of this condition in 1773, a review of the medieval Persian medical writings will show the fact that neuropathic pain was a medieval-originated concept. "Auojae Asab" [Nerve-originated Pain[ was used as a medical term in me...

BACKGROUND Over one hundred different pharmaceutical dosage forms have been recorded in literatures of Traditional Persian Medicine among which nasal forms are considerable. OBJECTIVES This study designed to derive the most often applied nasal dosage forms together with those brief clinical administrations. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the current study remaining pharmaceutical manuscripts of P...

Throughout history, opium has been used as a base for the opioid class of drugs used to suppress the central nervous system. Opium is a substance extracted from the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.). Its consumption and medicinal application date back to antiquity. In the medieval period, Avicenna, a famous Persian scholar (980-1037 AD) described poppy under the entry Afion of his medical enc...

Comprehensive explanation about milk oversupply is not available in the current literature because few studies have been done on this topic. In traditional Persian medicine, milk oversupply and its management have been described. The aim of this study was to investigate milk oversupply from the perspective of medieval Persian practitioners. In this study, some main medical resources of traditio...

CONTEXT In Iran, conventional production methods of herbal oils are widely used by local practitioners. Administration of oils is rooted in traditional knowledge with a history of more than 3000 years. Scientific evaluation of these historical documents can be valuable for finding new potential use in current medicine. OBJECTIVE The current study (i) compiled an inventory of herbal oils used ...

Huntington's disease (HD) is thought to be due to genetically-programmed degeneration of neurons in certain areas of the brain. This degeneration causes uncontrolled movements, loss of intellectual faculties, and emotional disturbances. It is along time since the disease started tormenting human beings, and to date, conventional medications have failed to slow down the progression of HD. ...