p. 21 1. Function and Dysfunction of the Entorhinal cortex p. 23 1.1 Anatomy and Organisation of the EC p. 23 1.1.1 Subdivisions of the EC p. 23 1.1.2 Lamination and Cytoarchitecture p. 25 1.1.3 Differences and Similarities in Lamination between the LEC and MEC p. 27 1.1.4 Entorhinal-Hippocampal Connections p. 28 1.1.5 Entorhinal-Cortical and Entorhinal-Subcortical Connections p. 30 1.1.5.1 Ent...

Rapid advances in the field of epigenetics are revealing a new way to understand how we can form and store strong memories of significant events in our lives. Epigenetic modifications of chromatin, namely the post-translational modifications of nuclear proteins and covalent modification of DNA that regulate gene activity in the CNS (central nervous system), continue to be recognized for their p...

This doctorial thesis examines cognitive functions in depression and anxiety disorders in a population-based sample that includes mostly untreated persons. It is well established that depression is associated with cognitive impairments. However, in spite of the fact that most of the depressed persons are untreated, almost all available evidence in this field is based on in-and outpatient sample...

Abstract Background Cognitive dysfunction is common among patients with multiple sclerosis (MS); however, the determinants of cognitive are still unknown. This study aimed to investigate in a relatively large sample MS for rapid screening. Results Fifty-three (33.6%) had dysfunction. According Wechsler Memory Scale, relapsing-remitting (RRMS) and progressive (PMS) significantly lower scores tha...

Dimensional structures underlying the Wechsler Memory Scale-Fourth Edition (WMS-IV) and Wechsler Memory Scale-Third Edition (WMS-III) were compared to determine whether the revised measure has a more coherent and clinically relevant factor structure. Principal component analyses were conducted in normative samples reported in the respective technical manuals. Empirically supported procedures gu...

This special issue of Neurobiology of Learning and Memory highlights current research into how various diseases impair memory in humans and animal models. Our goal for this issue was to appeal to investigators from a variety of fields that have a common interest in memory disorders. Although the issue reviews diseases for which memory dysfunction is well established (e.g., Alzheimer’s, chronic ...

Dysfunctions in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis have been reported for several mental disorders that are also often characterized by memory disturbances. It is now well established that glucocorticoids influence cognitive processes by enhancing memory consolidation and impairing memory retrieval. There is further evidence for an association between HPA axis related disturbances and me...

This study explored the pattern of memory functioning in 58 patients with chronic schizophrenia and compared their performance with 53 normal controls. Multiple domains of memory were assessed, including verbal and non-verbal memory span, verbal and non-verbal paired associate learning, verbal and visual long-term memory, spatial and non-spatial conditional associative learning, recognition mem...

Mitochondrial abnormalities have been identified in a large proportion of neurodegenerative diseases. Recently we have reported that intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of okadaic acid (OKA) causes memory impairment in rat. However involvement of mitochondrial function in OKA induced memory impairment and neuronal damage has not been determined. OKA (200 ng) was administered by ICV rou...

the aim of the study was to find whether there is an association between subjective memory complaint and memory impairment and probable underlying psychological conditions. a total of 90 patients with subjective memory complaint enrolled in this study. short history and demographic information were obtained and then the patients underwent memory and mental health assessments, using wechsler mem...