By use of a membrane fraction prepared from Desulfovibrio gigas grown in a lactate-sulfate medium, synthesis of ATP was demonstrated to be coupled to the oxidation of molecular hydrogen and reduction of either nitrite or hydroxylamine. This phosphorylation was uncoupled from electron transport by pentachlorophenol, methyl viologen, and gramicidin, but not by oligomycin. The extrusion of protons...

In the title compound, C(22)H(24)N(4) (2+)·2Br(-), the imidazolium dication is located on a crystallographic inversion center. The imidazole and benzene rings make a dihedral angle of 73.1 (9)°. In the crystal, non-classical inter-molecular C-H⋯Br hydrogen bonds link the ion pairs into a two-dimensional network.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(9)H(9)N(2) (+)·0.5C(8)H(4)O(4) (-)·H(2)O, contains one 2-phenyl-imidazolium cation, half a benzene-1,3-dicarboxyl-ate anion and one water mol-ecule. In the crystal, components are connected by N-H⋯O and O-H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter-actions into a three-dimensional network.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(6)H(8)N(+)·HSO(4) (-), contains two cations and two anions which are linked to each other through N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, formed by all H atoms covalently bonded to the N atoms. In addition, strong O-H⋯O anion-anion hydrogen-bond inter-actions are also observed.

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C(4)H(6)N(3) (+)·HSO(4) (-), hydrogen sulfate anions self-assemble through O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming chains along the b axis, while the cations form centrosymmetric pairs via N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds. The 2-amino-pyrimidinium pairs are linked to the sulfate anions via N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a two-dimensional network parallel to (10[Formula:...

In the title salt, C(11)H(21)N(2) (+)·C(6)H(5)O(3)S(-), which has two cation-anion pairs in the asymmetric unit, the two imidazolium cations are linked to two separate acceptor O atoms of one of the benzene-sulfonate anions through aromatic C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, while the second anion is unassociated.

Alkali and alkaline earth metals hydrogen sulfate catalyzed the one-pot three component condensation reactions of aldehydes, 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds and urea or thiourea under solvent-free conditions leading to 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones in high yields at 80 °C. Our results showed that Biginelli reaction not only is pH dependent, but the cation of catalyst plays an importan...

Friedel–Crafts synthesis of triarylmethanes over 3-methyl-1-sulfonic acid imidazolium tetrachloroaluminate under green conditions:In this work, Friedel–Crafts (FC) alkylation of various arenes with aromatic aldehydes catalyzed by 3-methyl-1-sulfonic acid imidazoliumtetrachloroaluminate {[Msim]AlCl4}, as a green catalyst, to prepare triarylmethanes (TAMs) has been carried out. Some aromatic alde...

The title salt, C(8)H(11)N(2)O(+)·HSO(4) (-), has been synthesized by the reaction between 4-meth-oxy-benzamidine and sulfuric acid. The asymmetric unit comprises a nonplanar 4-meth-oxy-benzamidinium cation and one hydrogen sulfate anion. In the cation, the amidinium group has two identical C-N bonds [1.306 (2) and 1.308 (2) Å], and its plane forms a dihedral angle of 6.49 (8)° with the mean pl...