In photosystem I (PS I), phylloquinone (PhQ) acts as a low potential electron acceptor during light-induced electron transfer (ET). The origin of the very low midpoint potential of the quinone is investigated by introducing anthraquinone (AQ) into PS I in the presence and absence of the iron-sulfur clusters. Solvent extraction and reincubation is used to obtain PS I particles containing AQ and ...

Using the notion of eta-convex functions as generalization of convex functions, we estimate the difference between the middle and right terms in Hermite-Hadamard-Fejer inequality for differentiable mappings. Also as an application we give an error estimate for midpoint formula.

A new method is proposed to detect circular arcs. The detection of a circular arc includes the determination of its center, radius, length, and midpoint. The Hough transform is applied to detect circular arcs by using center and radius as parameters. A peak value in the parameter space of the Hough transform indicates the existence of a circular arc. The center and radius of the circular arc ar...

We use the theory of quantization to introduce non-commutative versions of metric on state space and Lipschitz seminorm. We show that a lower semicontinuous matrix Lipschitz seminorm is determined by their matrix metrics on the matrix state spaces. A matrix metric comes from a lower semicontinuous matrix Lip-norm if and only if it is convex, midpoint balanced, and midpoint concave. The operator...

In patients with right brain damage and left visual neglect, attention tends to be captured by right-sided objects and cannot easily disengage from them. While these phenomena can account for several clinical and experimental patterns of performance such as biased visual search, its role is more controversial for other neglect-related signs, such as the typical rightward shifts in horizontal li...

We will show that if X is a tree-complete subspace of ∞ , which contains c 0 , then it does not admit any weakly midpoint locally uniformly convex renorming. It follows that such a space has no equivalent Kadec renorming. 1. Introduction. It is known that ∞ has an equivalent strictly convex renorming [2]; however, by a result due to Lindenstrauss, it cannot be equivalently renormed in locally u...

Reverse-time migration (Baysal et al., 1984) has some potential advantages with respect to downward-continuation migration. It can migrate overturned and prismatic reflections even in the presence of strong lateral velocity variations (Biondi, 2002). It also models the amplitude of the transmitted wavefield more accurately than downward-continuation in the presence of sharp interfaces. However,...

Explicit formulae for the inverse of an interval matrix of the form [I − ∆, I + ∆] (where I is the unit matrix) are proved via finding explicit solutions of certain nonlinear matrix equations.

The implicit midpoint rule (IMR) for nonexpansive mappings is established in Banach spaces. The IMR generates a sequence by an implicit algorithm. Weak convergence of this algorithm is proved in a uniformly convex Banach space which either satisfies Opial’s property or has a Fréchet differentiable norm. Consequently, this algorithm applies in both `p and Lp for 1 < p < ∞.

where h >  is a stepsize. It is known that if f :RN →RN is Lipschitz continuous and sufficiently smooth, then the sequence {xn} generated by (.) converges to the exact solution of (.) as h→  uniformly over t ∈ [, t̄] for any fixed t̄ > . If we write the function f in the form f (t) = g(t) – t, then differential equation (.) becomes x′ = g(t)– t. Then the equilibrium problem associated w...