G laucoma is a disease characterised by apoptotic ganglion cell death related, at least in part, to intraocular pressure. Any examination for glaucoma must therefore include some comment upon the health of these cells. Unfortunately, it is difficult to examine the ganglion cell layer ophthalmoscopically and so ophthalmologists typically rely on an analysis of a more visible ocular structure—the...

The clinical significance of human papillomavirus (HPV) in neck node metastasis from cancer of unknown primary (CUP) is not well established. We aimed to address the relationship of HPV status between node metastasis and the primary tumor, and also the relevance of HPV status regarding radiographically detected cystic node metastasis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and CUP. HPV...

BACKGROUND Patients with cancer of unknown primary (CUP) have metastatic malignant disease without an identifiable primary site; it is the fourth most common cause of cancer death. OBJECTIVES To explore patients' informal and professional carers' experiences of CUP to inform development of evidence-based, patient-centred care. METHODS Qualitative study involving development of multiple expl...

ALTJHoUGH the Barcroft apparatus is used extensively for the study ofrespiration in biological fluids, we have found no published work in which the accuracy of the results obtained has been submitted to a critical examination. This is somewhat surprising when it is considered that the Barcroft apparatus is employed so frequently for comparative work where the interpretation is often founded on ...

The present study examined the development of anticipatory motor planning in an object manipulation task that has been used to successfully demonstrate motor planning in non-human primates (Weiss et al. in Psychol Sci 18:1063-1068, 2007). Seventy-five participants from four different age groups participated in a cup-manipulation task. One group was preschool children (average age of 5.1 years),...

BACKGROUND Challenges in the diagnosis and classification of cholangiocarcinoma have made it difficult to quantify the true incidence of this highly aggressive malignancy. METHODS We analyzed the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data to assess long-term trends in the age-standardized incidence of intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma between 1973 and 2012, correcting for...

3563 Background: Molecular tumor profile assays (MTP) may predict the primary site of origin in CUP, but the impact of site-specific therapy on outcomes is undefined. Accurate identification of CUP patients (pts) with a colorectal site of origin would be expected to improve treatment results by directing the use of colorectal cancer regimens rather than empiric CUP regimens. METHODS We identi...

threat to use military force against iran has been repeated by us. these threats have been along with increasing sanctions and embargo against iran. the question we address in this paper is: what is the impact of on military threats against iran on effectiveness of sanctions and embargo against it? we will examine this hypothesis: in situation of global economy, transforming of military option ...

Aims Patients’ advocates, regulators and doctors have the constant objective to make the best treatments quickly available to patients. Compassionate use programmes (CUP) as defined by the EU Regulation (EC) No 726/2004 article 83.2 are designed to provide early access before the marketing authorisation (MA) of a medicine. It is necessary to evaluate the achievements of the present legislations...