Multilevel programming is used to model a decentralized planning problem with multiple decision makers in a hierarchical system. This paper aims at providing an uncertain multilevel programming model that is a type of multilevel programming involving uncertain variables. Besides, a genetic algorithm is employed to solve the model. As an illustration, the uncertain multilevel programming model i...

A positive school climate is an important component of successful and effective schools and thus is often an aim of schoolwide initiatives. Climate has traditionally been conceptualized as a school-level factor and is often assumed to be related to other school-level factors (e.g., school size). The current study examines variation in perceptions of climate based on individual-, classroom-, and...

D We present an application of metaprogramming in logic that, unlike most metaprogramming applications, is not primarily concerned with controlling the execution of logic programs. Metalevel computation is used to define theories from schemata that were either given explicitly or obtained by abstraction from other theories. Our main application is a representation of legal knowledge in a metalo...

To construct CFA, MCFA, and maximum MCFA with LISREL v.8 and below, we provide iMCFA (integrated Multilevel Confirmatory Analysis) to examine the potential multilevel factorial structure in the complex survey data. Modeling multilevel structure for complex survey data is complicated because building a multilevel model is not an infallible statistical strategy unless the hypothesized model is cl...

(response rates, risk factors) The response rates are included and the risk factors are named (association) We replaced ‘influence’ by ‘association’

Modelling strategies for value-added multilevel models are examined. These types of models typically include an endogenous variable and this causes difficulties for the standard estimation techniques that are commonly used to analyse multilevel models. Two alternative estimation strategies are proposed: one using an instrumental variable approach and the other using a Bayesian analysis as avail...

Teachers play a pivotal role in implementing educational innovations and realising curriculum change. Consequently, their perceptions of innovations and curricula content are of crucial importance. In this study, teachers’ perceptions of the new ICT curriculum in Flanders are examined. This curriculum reflects Flemish society’s underlying vision of the role of technology and ICT in teaching and...

Amsterdam Conference on Multilevel Analysis: On April 1-2, 1997, an international conference about multilevel analysis was held in Amsterdam. The program was organised by Tom Snijders (ICS, University of Groningen; Multilevel research Group, NOSMO). This conference was one of the Social Science Information Technology workshops of ProGAMMA. There were about 60 participants from 10 countries. The...

The majority of the world’s countries have implemented policies designed to advance the political representation of women and/or minority groups. Yet we do not yet understand how these disparate policies affect the election of minority women. In this article, I draw on theories of intersectionality to conduct the first worldwide analysis of the effects of gender and minority quotas on minority ...