The aim of this research is to find monetary policy tools in usury free banking. We will review the ideas of Muslims in Iran and outside the Iran for this subject. In this work, we will explain the effects of monetary policies on economy. This article is about explanation of two subjects: In the first subject, reports about usury free banking and ways of absorbing granted facilities is presente...

Background Health policies are important instruments for improving population health. However, experience suggests that policies designed for the whole population do not always benefit the most vulnerable. Participation of vulnerable groups in the policy-making process provides an opportunity for them to influence decisions related to their health, and also to exercise their rights. This paper ...

Through an analysis of corporate testimony before Congressional committees, this paper finds that members of Congress supply greater access to firms that engage in private policymaking at higher rates and that members also gain new politicaland policy-relevant information through such testimony. Importantly, the former relationship only holds for firms that make identifiable commitments to alte...

The core industries of the new information economy are characterized by imperfect competition, asymmetric information or external effects. Thus, well-designed microeconomic policies, in the form of competition policies, technology policies or combinations of these, have strong potential of generating welfare improvements and promoting social efficiency. This paper emphasizes innovation-intensiv...

SIR,-The editorial by Dr Tony Smith' reviews the European Commission document III/8267/89 but not the commission's proposals (111/3603/90EN) of February 1990. These sweeping proposals should alert doctors and their patients to the powerful centralised bureaucracy which, it is proposed, should be established for the approval of new medicines in the European Community. Document III/3603/90-EN pro...

this paper analyzes the effects ofexchange policies on iran,s foreign trade, by applying new econometric techniques. in assessing the impacts of depreciation of the national currency on macroeconomic variable, the real rather than nominal exchange rate has been determined to be more appropriate criterion to demonstrate the success or failure ofthe adopted policies. during the period under the s...