The increasing mortality from coronary heart disease has focused attention on its epidemiological and biological aspects, and in the latter connexion much work has been done on the relationship between blood cholesterol levels and heart disease. As a result many methods for the estimation of cholesterol levels in serum have been published and their multiplicity indicates the difficulties of the...

Lipase catalysis in nonaqueous media is recognized as a powerful tool in organic and more recently polymer synthesis. Even though none of the currently known polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) depolymerases have lipase activity, they do have a catalytic center that resembles that of lipases. Motivated by the above, the potential of using the poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), PHB, depolymerase from Psuedomonas l...

Nonaqueous biocatalysis is rapidly becoming a desirable tool for chemical and fuel synthesis in both the laboratory and industry. Similarly, ionic liquids are increasingly popular anhydrous reaction media for a number of industrial processes. Consequently, the use of enzymes in ionic liquids as efficient, environment-friendly, commercial biocatalysts is highly attractive. However, issues surrou...

Quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) free energy calculation presents a significant challenge due to an excessive number of QM calculations. A useful approach for reducing the computational cost is that based on the mean field approximation to the QM subsystem. Here, we describe such a mean-field QM/MM theory for electronically polarizable systems by starting from the Hartree product...

An optimal environment for glucose oxidase (GOx) in Nafion membranes is achieved using an advanced immobilization protocol based on a nonaqueous immobilization route. Exposure of glucose oxidase to water-organic mixtures with a high (85-95%) content of the organic solvent resulted in stabilization of the enzyme by a membrane-forming polyelectrolyte. Such an optimal environment leads to the high...

This is not so much a proper review, in the sense of being a detailed survey of current experimental work, as it is a retrospective essay on the current status of the Lewis acid-base definitions as a systematizing tool in chemistry. Indeed, as the main concern is with the nature of the Lewis definitions themselves, their range of application, their limitations, the clarification of interpretive...

Considerable interest has recently been evoked in the study of proteins in nonaqueous solvents, very largely as a result of the observations of Rees and Singer (1) and Yang and Doty (2) that the internal configuration of protein molecules could be radically altered in nonaqueous media, as reflected by changes in sedimentation constants, viscosity increments, and optical rotatory dispersion. Of ...

Selective CO2 capture and electrochemical conversion are important tools in the fight against climate change. Industrially, is captured using a variety of aprotic solvents due to their high solubility. However, most research efforts on use aqueous media plagued by competing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) from water breakdown. Fortunately, can circumvent HER, making it develop strategies that...

The base-pairing interactions of promutagenic O6-methylguanine (O6-MeGua) with cytosine and thymine in deuterated chloroform were investigated by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Nucleosides were derivatized at hydroxyl positions with triisopropylsilyl groups to obtain solubility in nonaqueous solvents and to prevent the ribose hydroxyls from forming hydrogen bonds. We were able to observe hydrogen-bonding...