background and purpose: emergency physicians play an important role in the immediate diagnosis of bioterrorism activities. the present study was conducted with the purpose of comparing the effectiveness of virtual learning and classroom learning in approach to bioterrorism and chemical terrorism for emergency physician s. methods: this was a semi-empirical study, which was conducted via testing...

This article aims to redefine the concept of Thirdspace and make a trilateral relationship between the three concepts of real space, virtual space and the user. To do so, not only the concept of Thirdspace has to be redefined, but also a new understanding of virtual space as a relatively independent space is required. This three-sided relation requires a new understanding of the relationship be...

Background: According to the situation of education in Iran it is clear that over the years, there has been no successful attempt to identify related challenges and problems to development and implementation of virtual training. In this regard, the effect of this type of training influenced by the role of hidden curriculum of education in the country.   Based on this, current study has investig...

This paper discusses bounds for the accuracy of estimating camera poses and 3D scene structure from multiple images. In several applications in which accuracy is regarded as important, nonlinear optimization minimizing the so-called re-projection error is usually used, which corresponds to the maximum likelihood estimation under the assumption of some noise model. According to the recent result...

background: the i-space is a radiological imaging system in which computed tomography (ct)-scans can be evaluated as a three dimensional hologram. the aim of this study is to analyze the value of virtual reality (i-space) in diagnosing acute occult scaphoid fractures.   methods: a convenient cohort of 24 patients with a ct-scan from prior studies, without a scaphoid fracture on radiograph, yet ...