Climate simulations of the Eemian interglacial and the last glacial inception have been performed by forcing a coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model with insolation patterns of these periods. The parameters of the Earth’s orbit have been set to conditions of 125 000 and 115 000 years before present (yr BP). Compared to today, these dates represent periods with enhanced and weakened...

Allozymes and mitochondrial DNA sequences were used to examine the phylogeographical history of the rough-skinned newt, Taricha granulosa, in western North America. Nineteen populations were analysed for allozyme variation at 45 loci, and 23 populations were analysed for cytochrome b sequence variation. Both data sets agree that populations in the southern part of the range are characterized by...

BACKGROUND The aim of establishing the medical school in Tromsø in 1973 was to improve access to doctors and standards of health care for the previously underprivileged rural population of Northern Norway. In this study we examine how the aim of supplying doctors to the north has been achieved. MATERIAL AND METHODS By utilising a cross-sectional design we have analysed 34 classes of Tromsø me...

Traditional concepts of the Bering Land Bridge as a zone of predominantly eastward expansion from Eurasia and a staging area for subsequent colonization of lower latitudes in North America led to early inferences regarding biogeographic histories of North American faunas, many of which remain untested. Here we apply a host-parasite comparative phylogeographical (HPCP) approach to evaluate one s...

One important discussion circulating in non-government organisation (NGO) literature relates to the increasing advocacy role of international NGOs and the political dilemmas that emerge at the nexus of North/South NGO relations. In other words how do "Northern" NGOs act as advocates for "Southern" peoples and not duplicate the wider impositions of a world divided by economic power and influence...

Before the magnetic storm sudden commencement during the November 2, 1967, solar particle event, the access of 1.2to 40-Mev protons into the high-latitude portion of the northern polar region was delayed by ~20 hours. At the same time the access delay for 10to 40-Mev protons was •1 hour in the southern polar region a•d at middle northern latitudes. The implications of the north-south asymmetry ...

A new fossil showing affinities with extant Laemanctus offers the first clear evidence for a casquehead lizard (Corytophanidae) from the Eocene of North America. Along with Geiseltaliellus from roughly coeval rocks in central Europe, the new find further documents the tropical fauna present during greenhouse conditions in the northern mid-latitudes approximately 50 million years ago (Ma). Moder...

The book is divided into three parts, A, B, and C. The first part describes the CPE and discusses prevention of cancer and chronic disease as well as the CPE programme in British Columbia, “the touchstone” for the book. The second part moves on to describe five programmes in North Karelia, Northern Ireland, Kentucky, North Carolina, and Manitoba. Comparison between these programmes and British ...

Lyme disease, caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi, first emerged in the northeastern United States in the 1970s. Since then, the geographic range of the illness has expanded to the west, south, and north, and it has become by far the most commonly reported vector-borne disease in North America. Evidence is mounting that, on its northern front, the expanding range of Lyme disease is dri...