background: several reservoir systems have been constructed for hydropower generation around the world. hydropower offers an economical source of electricity with reduce carbon emissions. therefore, it is such a clean and renewable source of energy. reservoirs that generate hydropower are typically operated with the goal of maximizing energy revenue. yet, reservoir systems are inefficiently ope...

The way of perceiving the environment is the factor informing on the condition of the environment and its impact on the operation of enterprises whereas the impact on the operation is the factor determining how enterprises operate in realities where there is no place for atomized actions of isolated enterprises and the impact of the environment and relationships with its constituents and all fo...

abstract regarding temporal variation of rivers discharge and demands, for suitable use of dam reservoirs stored water, application of operation rule curves is necessary. operation rules are expressed with rule curves. application of yield model is one of the methods of operation curve preparation, which correlates reservoir operation with reservoir storage volume in first period. in this study...

In this paper, we propose a novel and simple (2, n) secret sharing scheme with precise reconstruction for grayscale, binary and color image. The share construction phase is based on pixel division and XOR operation. The reconstruction is based on XOR and OR operation. The proposed scheme has no pixel expansion and can reconstruct the secret image precisely. This scheme can be directly applied t...

We study the differential probability adp of exclusive-or when differences are expressed using addition modulo 2 . This function is important when analysing symmetric primitives that mix exclusive-or and addition—especially when addition is used to add in the round keys. (Such primitives include idea, Mars, rc6 and Twofish.) We show that adp can be viewed as a formal rational series with a line...

Splitting a secret s between several participants, we generate (for each value of s) shares for all participants. The goal: authorized groups of participants should be able to reconstruct the secret but forbidden ones get no information about it. In this paper we introduce several notions of non-perfect secret sharing, where some small information leak is permitted. We study its relation to the...

Waxes used in dentistry are combinations of two or more natural waxes plus small amounts of additives, such as oils, natural resins, synthetic waxes, and coloring agents. The ultimate goal of the combination of waxes and additives is to produce dental waxes that possess a set of given physical properties over a specified range of temperature. Although considerable effort has been expended to de...

Hiding and securing the secret digital information and data that are transmitted over the internet is of widespread and most challenging interest. This paper presents a new idea of robust steganography using bitwise-XOR operation between stego-key-image-pixel LSB (Least Significant Bit) value and secret messagecharacter ASCII-binary value (or, secret imagepixel value). The stego-key-image is sh...