A question of medico-legal interest occasionally occurs in Civil Surgeons' work, when a sample of opium is submitted by the police, or Magistrate for favour of an opinion as to whether it is crude opium or Government excise opium. Thisopinion is asked for as it is illegal to sell crude opium. Text-books on medical jurisprudence seem to o-ive no information on the point, and as it is a question ...

Background:Every day, people with addiction cause heavy economic and cultural damage to society. In some circumstances, opioids are used as a tool for suicide, which is often seen in youth. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical signs of toxicity associated with opium in patients referred to Ardabil city hospital. Methods:This is a cross-sectional study that has been done on opiu...

BACKGROUND Measurement of life quality as an index of health status has a widespread application in health care domain. OBJECTIVES The current study aimed to determine the quality of life of referents to addiction cessation centers of Iran. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 988 addicts who had referred to addiction cessation centers in Shahroud were studied through SF-36 q...

BACKGROUND Addiction is the repeated use of a chemical substance which affects the biological function of the brain and endangers physical health of the addicted person. Prevalence and pattern of taking drugs were assessed in the current study in a Special Cares Trauma Center. So the specialized physician could manage the medical procedure more easily through identification of addicted patients...

Background: Acute opium intoxication is one of the most common causes of poisoning in children in Iran. Although most cases are accidental, traditional misuse of opium for symptomatic therapy of various childhood diseases also contributes to high rate of opium intoxication in Iran. Cases: Here, we report two cases of opium intoxication in infants resulted from transdermal application of opium o...

Novel drug delivery systems for controlled-release of opioid agonists as a long time painkillers or opioid antagonists for opium, heroin, and alcohol addiction are under development or in clinical use today. In this article, the field of “new drug delivery systems” is momentarily reviewed from the viewpoint of the marketed opioid agonists/antagonists dosage forms today.

Addiction is a biological, psychological and social disease. One of the most important solutions to prevent and treat addiction is group therapy of transactional analysis. The present research was conducted aiming at analyzing the effectiveness of group psychotherapy with transactional analysis approach on reducing depression, anxiety and stress in opioid addicts. In this empirical study, 24 ad...

BACKGROUND Tincture of opium (TOP) is currently used for maintenance therapy in treatment of opioids addiction. It contains ethanol. The present study was conducted to assess the increase in blood alcohol concentration (BAC) in its users; a process which may interfere with breath-alcohol test performed by law enforcement or traffic police. METHODS A total of 143 individuals were selected rand...

2015 subjects were interviewed at musical events and raves in Northern Italy: average age 25.1, 42% female, 67% work, 42% study, 61% have higher certificate of education. 3.8% used drugs for the first time in the last year, and 60% have been using drugs for over 5 years, age of first use 16.3. In the last year, 26% have tried a mix of drugs, 52% alcohol and drugs, 48% have driven after drinking...