Soil microbial communities are abundant, hyper-diverse and mediate global biogeochemical cycles, but we do not yet understand the processes mediating their assembly. Current hypothetical frameworks suggest temporal (e.g. dispersal limitation) and environmental (e.g. soil pH) filters shape microbial community composition; however, there is limited empirical evidence supporting this framework in ...

Eutrophication is considered as a serious problem in water reservoirs. Awareness about the eutrophic status of each reservoir could help in providing a better understanding of the problem in a global scale. The present study was conducted to assess temporal and spatial eutrophication index in a water reservoir (Sahand dam) in the northwest of Iran. Physico-chemical parametres that are effective...

      Aridity as a spatial concept and drought as a temporal concept have always been studied in different aspects as two distinct categories. However, both concepts indicate anomalies from normal condition. Several indices have been introduced to examine each of these concepts using one or more hydrological cycle’s components. Meanwhile, soil moisture and changes in its spatial and temporal va...

A fundamental ability for humans is to monitor and process multiple temporal events that occur at different spatial locations simultaneously. A great number of studies have demonstrated simultaneous temporal processing (STP) in human and animal participants, i.e., multiple 'clocks' rather than a single 'clock'. However, to date, we still have no knowledge about the exact limitation of the STP i...

This paper describes a spatio-temporal configurations building approach, which has been applied to dynamics points in 1-dimensional space. In this approach, a temporal logic, Allen’s time intervals, is crossed with a new spatial logic based on topology called spatial states. These spatial states are derived from topological relationships and a new concept of degenerate topological relationships...

Topological relationships present some important information for describing the relative position of objects. From a mathematical point of view, topological relationships are invariant at different scales. However, in practice, they may be changed for diverse reasons, such as the limitation of digital devices. These different topological relationships concerning the same objets can cause incons...

of the many climatic events that influence the earth’s environment, drought is perhaps the one that is most linked with desertification. drought is the consequence of a natural reduction in the amount of precipitation received over an extended period, usually a season or more in length. drought monitoring is an essential component of drought risk management. it is normally performed using vario...