AIM To describe and compare the differences in electroretinographic responses between two different age groups of adult Dark Agouti (DA) rats and to better understand the effect of age on retinal histology and function. METHODS The electroretinographic responses of two different age groups of adult DA rats were compared. Animals were divided into younger adult DA rats 10-12wk (n=8) and older ...

In this paper we examine the forecast accuracy of four univariate time series models for 47 macroeconomic variables of the G7 economies. The models considered are the linear autoregressive model, the smooth transition autoregressive model, and two neural network models. The two neural network models are different because they are specified using two different techniques. Forecast accuracy is as...

Motivated by the need of estimating the main spawning period of North Sea cod, we develop a common transfer function model with a panel of contemporaneously correlated times series data. This model incorporates (i) the smoothness on the parameters by assuming that the second differences are small and (ii) the contemporaneous correlation by assuming that the errors have a general variance-covari...

Abstract How integrated are agricultural markets in conflict-affected states? We answer this question by examining the dynamics of monthly price series rice, maize and sorghum across eleven cities (markets) Somalia. Using conflict as a source transaction costs between spatially connected markets, we examine its role transmission panel smooth transition regression framework. find that case rice—...

in this article, i try to find out what are the effects of financial variablessuch as ratio of private sector deposits to gdp and ratio of bank credit toprivate sector to gdp and value of stocks trade in tehran stockexchange to total current value of stocks and private sector liquidity togdp on total investment.we use two models to test our hypothesis the first is a model for iranand the second...