in this research, it has been tried to determine and introduce the relationship between the mystical experience and paradoxical expression. in the first section the major function of these two categories in language has been considered. in the other section some significant questions have been scientifically answered. these questions are: is the paradoxical expression the internal characteristi...

We investigated whether inpatients suffering from comorbid complicated grief disorder benefited from an additional manualized nine-session group intervention. For this purpose, 50 patients participating in the additional complicated grief intervention were compared with 22 control patients who received treatment as usual. After grief intervention, we found large effect sizes with regard to impr...

The study of happiness was of interest to early economists and philosophers. Centuries later, it has gone from the fringes of economics to the mainstream. Economists are using happiness surveys to study a host of questions, ranging from the happiness effects of health, marriage, and various institutional arrangements, to the unhappiness effects of unemployment, divorce, and commuting time. Beca...

Bereavement-induced grief and psychological intervention are important social issues and worthy of greater attention from researchers and clinicians. Here, we review currently available measures of grief and discusses the differentiation of normal grief reaction from pathological grief and major depression. Finally, we propose future directions for research on the development of new grief measu...

BACKGROUND Bereavement can result in severe mental health problems, including persistent, severe and disabling grief symptoms, termed complicated grief. Grief rumination (i.e., repetitive thought about the causes and consequences of the loss) is a malleable cognitive risk-factor in adjustment to bereavement. The Utrecht Grief Rumination Scale (UGRS) was recently developed to assess grief rumina...

This article aims to illuminate the perceptions of a pilot grief- and trauma-informed empowerment arts summer program for adolescents who lived in an at-risk Southern, urban neighborhood identified by city question as having high percentage street violence. The study it is based on was grounded qualitative techniques, which consisted focus groups interviews. All interviews were analyzed themes ...

Freud's allusion to the goal of analysis as that of transforming neurotic misery into common unhappiness implies that the outcome of treatment is not concerned with happiness but with the reduction of suffering. In fact, there is no single standard for happiness but many, some of which bear Freud's thesis out whereas others contradict it. The author examines Freud's views about happiness and co...