moral hazards are the result of an expansive range of factors mostly originating in the patients’ roles. the objective of the present study was to investigate patient incentives for moral hazards using the experiences of experts of basic iranian insurance organizations. this was a qualitative research. data were collected through semi-structured interviews. the study population included all exp...

introduction: influenza can cause more severe diseases and higher rate of morbidity and mortality in the elderly population. therefore, they should receive influenza vaccine annually. however, the host response to vaccine is less in older individuals. on the other hand, selenium can act as a stimulator of the immune system and cause increased immunity and response to vaccine. this study was car...

background chronic heart failure (chf) is associated with unpredictably increased prevalence of hospital admissions. self-care is one of the most important aspects of management for patients with chf. self-care adequacy has led to increased satisfaction, independence in daily activities, reduced stress, and morbidity. objectives we aimed to assess the relationship between self-care behavior and...

conclusion in breast cancer after nac, the lesion t2 relaxation time was reduced in the responders, and this finding is potentially useful to assess the response to nac. results in 26 cases with nac, the mean lesion t2 relaxation time before nac was 81.34 ± 13.68 ms, compared with 64.50 ± 8.71 ms after nac. significant differences in the lesion t2 relaxation times existed between the pre- and p...

conclusions we showed that in treatment of patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma, tace significantly improved the disease and the overall survival rate. also, we introduce the tumor size, serum alp level, and number of liver involved segments as prognostic factors of the procedure. finally, tace can be recommended as the initial treatment for unresectable hcc patients. background ...

Background: Treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection with recently introduced direct-acting antiviral agents (DAA) is effective and safe, however there is little known regarding safety and efficacy of generic DAAs in the real-life clinical setting. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of generic sofosbuvir/ledipasvir (SOF/LDV) in a real-life clinical experience. Methods: ...

Background: Infection is now the most common cause of morbidity in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). There is lack of information regarding the specific antibody forma-tion in response to vaccines in young SLE patients. Objective: To determine the efficacy of anti-tetanus antibody response in young patients with SLE. Methods: Forty SLE pa-tients with mean age of 14.1 years (range: 7-21) and 6...

objective: despite the discovery of new antipsychotic drugs in recent years, a number of schizophrenic patients show no response to such drugs and are considered treatment-resistant. in such cases, clozapine and occasionally ect or a combination of drugs are used, though they are not very effective. in recent years, the combination of clozapine and ect for treatment-resistant schizophrenic pati...