OBJECTIVE Child and adult bipolar patients show both behavioral deficits in face emotion processing and abnormal amygdala activation. However, amygdala function in pediatric relative to adult bipolar patients has not been compared directly. The authors used functional MRI to compare amygdala activity during a face processing task in children and adults with bipolar disorder and in healthy compa...

OBJECTIVES Psychiatric disorders are increasingly recognized among children and adolescents in Bangladesh. Psychiatric disorders are more common in children with chronic and acute pediatric disorders. Our study was designed to determine the psychiatric disorders among children and adolescents attending pediatric outpatient departments of tertiary care hospitals. METHODS This cross-sectional s...

Developments in Ophthalmology Vol. 8 Series Editor W. Straub, Marburg a.d. Lahn KARGER S. Karger • Basel • München • Paris • London • New York• Tokyo • Sydney Hereditary Vitreoretinal Degenerations W. Lisch, Dortmund Translated by F. C. Blodi 31 figures, 5 cpl. and 1 table, 1983 KARGER S. Karger • Basel • München • Paris • London • New York • Tokyo • Sydney Developments in Ophthalmology Nationa...

Pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) was introduced almost 40 years ago. 1 In the 1980s and 1990s, three-port PPV with 20-gauge (G) instruments was the norm. In 2002, 25-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy (TSV) was introduced.2,3 This system permits threeport PPV using microcannulas, trocars, and 25-G instrumentation without requiring sutures to close the sclerotomies. Subsequently, a similar...

OPINION STATEMENT Pediatric optic neuritis is a rare disorder causing a subacute loss of vision (often bilateral) in children, often of a severe degree. Common clinical findings include dense visual field loss, afferent pupillary defect (APD) in unilateral cases, and papillitis that is often bilateral. Contrary to optic neuritis in the adult population, the differential diagnosis for this disor...

OBJECTIVES Structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) studies of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents are limited. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) have been best studied in this regard. We systematically reviewed structural neuroimaging findings in pediatric PTSD and OCD. METHODS The literature was reviewed for all sMRI studies examining...

Congenital X-linked retinoschisis (CXLRS) is characterized by symmetric bilateral macular involvement, usually beginning in the first decade of life and affecting males. In fundus examination, a wheel pattern developing due to schisis areas observed macula. Fundus examination optical coherence tomography (OCT) are essential for diagnosis early stages disease exhibit characteristic findings. Per...