Background: The study is intended to examine a model of direct and indirect effects (through mediating role of self-assessment latent variable containing self-efficacy and self-esteem components) of sports mental toughness construct (including the components of confidence, consistency and control) on perceived stress of athlete employees. Method: The rese...

Although each statistical unit on which measurements are taken is unique typically there is not enough information available to account totally for its uniqueness. Therefore heterogeneity among units has to be limited by structural assumptions. One classical approach is to use random effects models, which assume that heterogeneity can be described by distributional assumptions. However, inferen...

abstract background: beginning and continuing pregnancy with obesity and being overweight has some known side effects for the mother and the fetus. preventing these complications requires medical interventions before pregnancy. because designing health improvement interventions requires understanding of the related factors of the behavior, the aim of this study was to determine the relation bet...

Previous research on category activation effects demonstrates that extreme exemplar priming can lead to contrast effects as well as assimilation effects in target judgments. Two experiments extended this line of research by investigating the moderating role of perceived comparability, that is, the extent to which the exemplar and target are believed to belong to the same category and thus can b...

background: researchers have mentioned that safety climate may predict occupational accidents and psychological distresses in the workplace. the present study examined degree of safety climate related to occupational stress and its dimensions among workers’ isfahan steel company. methods: a self-administered anonymous was distributed to 189 workers. the survey included demographic factors, occu...

Background: Since several factors, rather than a single cause, contribute to developmental delay in children, identification of the condition's risk factors and their pathway of effects are critical to the design and implementation of appropriate intervention .This study aimed to determine the relation between social determinants of maternal health and child development in Iranian mothers and t...

Meta-analysis is a standard statistical method used to combine the conclusions of individual studies that are related and the results of single study alone can not answered to deal with issues. The data are summarized by one or more outcome measure estimates along with their standard errors. The multivariate model and the variations between studies are not considered in most articles. Here we d...