Drugs based on the phenothiazine scaffold have a wide variety of therapeutic applications. They are used for the treatment of mental diseases, in antihelminthic therapy, and for their antibacterial pathogen inactivation properties. They generally exhibit low toxicity and mutagenicity Phenothiazines are also used as DNA photosensitizers, and their binding mode to double-stranded DNA is highly st...

Since 1959 a growing number of reports have described a new type of neurological disorder in mental patients. This disorder, known as tardive dyskinesia, has been observed in approximately 500 cases but, judging from the accurate observations made by three separate groups of investigators, the syndrome is likely to be more frequent than one may suspect. A Ithough manifestations of tardive dvski...

This review discusses the relationship of the efflux pump (EP) system of Gram-negative bacteria to other antibiotic resistance mechanisms of the bacterium such as quorum sensing, biofilms, two component regulons, etc. The genetic responses of a Gram-negative to an antibiotic that render it immune to an antibiotic are also discussed. Lastly, the methods that have been developed for the identific...