Many biological processes are regulated through dynamic protein phosphorylation. Monitoring disease-relevant phosphorylation events in circulating biofluids is highly appealing but also technically challenging. We introduce here a functionally tunable material and strategy, extracellular vesicles to phosphoproteins (EVTOP), which achieves one-pot (EVs) isolation, extraction, digestion of EV pro...

This study aimed to examine whether a single ingestion of arginine activates the mammalian target rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) in rat fast- and slow-twitch skeletal muscles. In first experiment, rats were orally administered (3 or 10 mmol/kg body weight) water. The plantaris, gastrocnemius, soleus muscles excised h after administration. Immunoblot analysis showed that administration with higher...

The respiratory chain and oxidative phosphorylation are of utter importance for a cell’s metabolism. Here, the energy won from ingested food is being converted into our body’s energy unit (adenosine triphosphate). As the name respiratory chain suggests, oxygen also plays an important role. The following article will explain how exactly this complex mechanism works and which substances may disab...

The P(i) right arrow over left arrow HOH exchange reaction of oxidative phosphorylation is considerably less sensitive to uncouplers than the P(i) right arrow over left arrow ATP and ATP right arrow over left arrow HOH exchanges. The uncoupler-insensitive P(i) right arrow over left arrow HOH exchange is inhibited by oligomycin. These results and other considerations suggest that the relatively ...

Kinase mediated phosphorylation site detection is the key mechanism of post translational mechanism that plays an important role in regulating various cellular processes and phenotypes. Many diseases, like cancer are related with the signaling defects which are associated with protein phosphorylation. Characterizing the protein kinases and their substrates enhances our ability to understand the...

The uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondrial preparations by thyroxine and its reversal are now well known (l-6). More recently we have shown that high levels of dietary magnesium completely prevent the uncoupling effect on heart mitochondria of thyroxine-fed animals, and partially overcome the growth inhibition caused by thyroxine. Thyroxine thus raises the magnesium requiremen...

Accumulating data suggest that the target cells for selection events leading to establishment of the mature T cell repertoire are the functionally immature double-positive (CD4+/CD8+) thymocytes, and that the CD4 and CD8 antigens expressed on these cells play important roles in these processes. In an attempt to define the biochemical pathways implicated in these events, we have studied the effe...

Abstract Background Allergic rhinitis (AR) is one of the most widespread immune conditions worldwide. However, common treatments often present with significant side effects or are cost-prohibitive for much population. A plethora have been used treatment AR including antihistamines, steroids, and modulators. Among which shown potential efficacy in treating a minimum but remains understudied cond...

BackgroundAtaxia telangiectasia (A-T) is a common genetically inherited cause of early childhood-onset ataxia. The infrequency of this disease, vast phenotype variation, disorders with features similar to those of A-T, and lack of definite laboratory test, make diagnosis difficult.  In addition, there is no rapid reliable laboratory method for identifying A-T heterozygotes, who susceptible to i...