Phylogenetic inertia is a difficult issue in evolutionary biology because we have yet to reach a consensus about how to measure it. In this study a comparative approach is used to evaluate phylogenetic inertia in 14 demographic and morphological characters in 10 species and one subspecies of the genus Tithonia (Asteraceae). Three different methods, autocorrelational analysis, phylogenetic corre...

Owing to high rates of introgressive hybridization, the plastid genome is poorly suited to fine-scale DNA barcoding and phylogenetic studies of the oak genus (Quercus, Fagaceae). At the tips of the oak plastome phylogeny, recent gene migration and reticulation generally cause topology to reflect geographic structure, while deeper branches reflect lineage divergence. In this study, we quantify t...

Background: A new pandemic influenza A (H1N1) emerged in April 2009, causing considerable morbidity and mortality. Since mutations in the haemagglutinin (HA) may influence the antigenicity and pathogenicity of the virus, continued epidemiological and molecular characterization for the effective control of pandemic flu and developing of more appropriate vaccine is crucial. Objective: To monitor ...

infectious bursal disease (ibd) is a highly contagious disease of chickens caused by the infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv). this study was conducted to characterize three ibdv strains from iran. a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) procedure was used to amplify a 715-bp fragment of the vp1 gene from ibdv strains. amplified vp1 fragments of the three iranian ibdv strai...

the study of genetic variation and phylogenetic relationships is essential for the efficient selection of superior plant material and conducting introgression breeding programs. in iran, despite the wide geographical distribution of grasses no report is available on the genetic diversity and relationships of cool season grass populations. in this study amplified fragment length polymorphism (af...

background: cockroaches are of vital importance medically and hygienically as they can disperse human patho­genic agents and are especially responsible for food contamination and spreading of food borne pathogens. in this study, part of mtdna-coi gene of five common pest cockroaches was tested for diagnostic and phylogenetic pur­poses. methods: we have described barcode region of mtdna-coi gene...

A recent advance in the phylogenetic comparative analysis of continuous traits has been explicit, model-based measurement of "phylogenetic signal" in data sets composed of observations collected from species related by a phylogenetic tree. Phylogenetic signal is a measure of the statistical dependence among species' trait values due to their phylogenetic relationships. Although phylogenetic sig...

Background: Avian reovirus (ARV) has a global distribution in nature and most clinical signs are found in broiler type chickens. Aims: This study was conducted to detect and identify reovirus infections from vaccinated breeder chickens and their progenies. Methods: A total of 20 tissue and blood samples were collected from vaccinated broiler br...

This data article provides genome statistics, phylogenetic networks and trees for a phylogenetic study of Southern Hemisphere Buccinulidae marine snails [1]. We present alternative phylogenetic reconstructions using mitochondrial genomic and 45S nuclear ribosomal cassette DNA sequence data, as well as trees based on short-length DNA sequence data. We also investigate the proportion of variable ...