Unconditional generosity in humans is a puzzle. One possibility is that individuals benefit from being seen as generous if there is competition for access to partners and if generosity is a costly-and therefore reliable-signal of partner quality [1-3]. The "competitive helping" hypothesis predicts that people will compete to be the most generous, particularly in the presence of attractive poten...

As James Madison would not hesitate to tell us, the scale of a polity or jurisdiction is one of the most basic factors organizing political life. By scale, I refer to the number of inhabitants (or, alternately, constituents or voters) in a political unit, although geographic size may also shape political behavior. Large jurisdictional scale implies that candidates for office must campaign in la...

Research on L2 learners’ success at development and appropriate use of pragmatic ability and knowledge has mostly approached the issue from a cognitive or social perspective, and less attention has been devoted to the problem from the equally important emotional or individual-psychological lenses. This study sought to explore, first, the interplay between Iranian advanced EFL learners’ pragmati...

The paper aims to give a comprehensive account of translation strategies for English-Ukrainian interpretation Joseph R. Biden’s speech in Poland. Political speeches serve as multi-purpose tool, shaping people’s consciousness and reinforcing political practices firmly held beliefs. Therefore, the appropriate methods are needed retain such communicative effect on recipient audience. discourse int...

Abstract This paper defends the claim that pragmatic encroachment—the idea knowledge is sensitive to practical stakes of believing—can explain a distinctive kind epistemic injustice: injustice occurs when prejudice causes someone know less than they otherwise would. encroachment , as we call it, threat being met with raises for rely on her belief acting, by raising level evidential support requ...

The Pragmatic Web is seen as a direction for realizing the vision of the Semantic Web. Realizing the vision of the Pragmatic Web, however, requires a shift in thinking about technology as a means for designing communication (which is making forms of interactivity possible that may otherwise be difficult or impossible). Some lessons from theory and research on Pragmatics provide grounds for unde...