LLE Review, Volume 86 79 Introduction In the direct-drive approach to inertial confinement fusion (ICF), the focal spots of a symmetrically arranged cluster of high-intensity, ultraviolet (UV) laser beams directly irradiate a capsule.1,2 The base-line design for a direct-drive ignition target on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) uses shock preheat to control the isentrope of the ablation sur...

Two idealized models for the preheat s tage of liquid droplets are ana lyzed theoretically . These models conta in the effects of transie nt heat conduction and evaporati on. It is assumed that the droplet surface a rea decreases linearly with time. This assumption necessitates the solution of mov ing boundary problems . These models, however, do not consider gas-phase mass transport . In the f...

In Central Europe, the utilization of low enthalpy reservoirs for electricity production has not yet fully developed. Reliable technological experience will only be obtained from future projects. Currently, the utilization is still at an experimental stage and the failure of only a single project could easily have dramatic consequences for the continuation of other projects due to limited publi...

Fouling is an age-old problem in many process industries. It is responsible for large energy and throughput losses, resulting in financial penalties and negative environmental impact. One effective mitigation strategy is the regular cleaning of fouled heat transfer devices. Optimization tools can be used to schedule the timing of cleaning actions in order to minimize the cost of fouling and imp...

Lighting systems provide mine workers improved visibility and contribute to improved safety, productivity, and morale. Lighting is critical to miners, since they depend heavily on visual cues to spot fall of ground, pinning & striking and slipping & tripping hazards. Most conventional systems of lighting are used in mines are extracting a lots of power and deal with major maintenance problems. ...

The effect of hyperthermia on cognitive function remains equivocal, perhaps because of methodological discrepancy. Using electroencephalographic event-related potentials (ERPs), we tested the hypothesis that a passive heat stress impairs cognitive processing. Thirteen volunteers performed repeated auditory oddball paradigms under two thermal conditions, normothermic time control and heat stress...

We herein investigated the effects of face/head and whole body cooling during passive heat stress on human somatosensory processing recorded by somatosensory-evoked potentials (SEPs) at C4' and Fz electrodes. Fourteen healthy subjects received a median nerve stimulation at the left wrist. SEPs were recorded at normothermic baseline (Rest), when esophageal temperature had increased by ~1.2°C (he...

In this study, we report a procedure for producing syntactic steel foams by melt infiltration of millimeter-sized ceramic microspheres. The gravity-fed infiltration method yields steel foam with uniform distributions of microspheres and negligible unintended porosity. The critical parameters in the manufacturing process are the melt temperature and the preheat temperature of the microspheres pr...

This paper is directed towards understanding how composition of the coal transport medium (primary CO2 and O2) affects the observed ignition stand-off distance in 40 kW co-axial turbulent diffusion, oxy-coal flames, supported in a specially designed combustion test rig, rated at 100 kW. First, a methodology to define and quantify the observed ignition stand-off distance in laboratory combustor ...