physical properties of agricultural products such as volume are the most important parameters influencing grading and packaging systems. they should be measured accurately as they are considered for any good system design. image processing and neural network techniques are both non-destructive and useful methods which are recently used for such purpose. in this study, the images of apples were ...

ackaging plays an indispensable role in modern societies. In fact, without packaging many products cannot reach consumers in sound condition. Packaging is mainly responsible for the distribution and consumption of goods. Therefore, due importance is given to systematic and attractive packaging. Packaging can also be said as the backbone of our nation’s economic development, as economic progress...

The environmental impacts of packaging manifest themselves at all life-cycle stages. From raw material acquisition, to package manufacture, distribution, recycling and landfilling, packaging systems deplete natural resources, consume energy, produce hazardous waste and emit pollutants. Additionally, each of these stages carries a financial cost. Driven by a desire to minimize financial costs an...

ext-generation electronic packaging must be consistent with both semiconductors and systems. The packages of the past have been mostly passive containers for semiconductors. Given the need for extremely compact, ultra-low-cost electronic systems for the 21st century, and given that a wafer fabrication plant can cost $1 to $5 billion, what should packaging be in the future? Any packaging technol...