A simple technique to secure quantum key distribution relay networks is presented here. The paper introduces the concept of logical channels that uses a random dropout scheme. The paper also presents an enhanced protocol for key distribution in the relay networks. Previous techniques relied on creating distinct physical paths to create shares. Hence the compromise of one relay must compromise t...

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) or quantum cryptography has been developed within the last decade; it is proved that QKD is secure against computer attacks and it is considered as a promising solution towards absolute security within long-term cryptosystems. Currently, research efforts are required to make strongly secure the existing communication protocols; we suggest as an issue to improve th...

We specifically discussed the power law degree distribution which has degree distribution pk = C ·k−α where C is a constant and α > 1. While not all degree distributions will be power law, many of the degree distributions of observed networks will be heavy-tailed or long-tailed distributions. A heavy-tailed distribution is a distribution that is “heavier” than the exponential distribution. Here...

The rapidly developing, worldwide marketplace is leading to the geographical dispersion of production, assembly and distribution operations. This paper deals with three aspects of international logistics networks: strategic, tactical and operational. The strategic level designs the logistics network, including prescribing facility locations, production technologies and plant capacities. The tac...

Production networks of firms linked by supply-customer relationships embedded in a geographical space are among the phenomena not yet well understood by practitioners and scientists. A production network can be defined as a network of autonomous or semiautonomous business entities collectively responsible for procurement, manufacturing and distribution activities associated with one or more fam...

Introduction Chilling freshly harvested beef carcasses is necessary for food safety and quality purposes. Before mechanical refrigeration, meat either had to be consumed immediately after slaughter or be preserved through salting, curing, and/or smoking. With the advent of mechanical refrigeration and networks of refrigerated carriers, the production, processing, and distribution of carcasses a...

Along with economic growth of countries which leads to their increased energy requirements,the problem of power quality and reliability of the networks have been more considered andin recent decades, we witnessed a noticeable growing trend of distributed generation sources(DG) in distribution networks. Occurrence of DG in distribution systems, in addition tochanging the utilization of these sys...

The determination of practical and coherent policy to pin down the price in restructured distribution networks should be considered as a momentous topic. The present paper introduces a new method of distribution marginal price (DMP) calculation. The main aim of this paper is to evaluate the DMP for both producers and consumers separately. For this purpose, the first part of the procedure emphas...