when any extraordinary sacrifice or expenditure is intentionally and reasonably made or incurred for the common safety for the purpose of preserving from peril, the property (ship and cargoes) involved in a common maritime adventure, the interests saved , are required to make contributions in general average to the owner of lost or damaged property . general average rules originates from ancien...

BACKGROUND This study was aimed at developing a myocardial bridge-mural coronary artery simulative device and analyzing the relationship between shear stress on the mural coronary artery and atherosclerosis. METHODS A myocardial bridge-mural coronary artery simulative device was used to simulate experiments in vitro. In the condition of maintaining any related parameters such as system temper...

Fractures of the proximal phalanges of the hands can be treated by many methods. With surgical intervention, a loss in proximal interphalangeal joint movement is common. Using the stabilizing effect of the zancolli complex-metacarpophalangeal retention apparatus and an external device such as a thermoplastic metacarpophalangeal block splint, proximal phalangeal fractures can be stabilized in te...

Injury to the proximal tibiofibular joint is uncommon. Previous studies regarding the anatomy of this region have predominantly focused on joint orientation. As radiographic technology has advanced, later studies have attempted to evaluate the capsular anatomy. However, no reports specifically map the ligaments to this joint. The objectives of the current study were to define specific ligamento...

We use the techniques of Karchmer and Widgerson KW90] to derive strong lower bounds on the expected parallel time to compute boolean functions by circuits. By average time, we mean the time needed on a self-timed circuit, a model introduced recently by Jakoby, Reischuk, and Schindelhauer, JRS94] in which gates compute their output as soon as it is determined (possibly by a subset of the inputs ...

The purpose of this study is to evaluate if bilateral peri-ilial pelvic osteotomies (PIPO) combined with proximal femoral varus derotation osteotomies (VDRO) influenced postoperative complications in children with spastic quadriplegia. Bilateral and unilateral hip subluxation or dislocation secondary to spasticity was present in 29 and 61 patients, respectively. The children were divided into 2...

BACKGROUND & AIMS An attenuated form of familial adenomatous polyposis has been described, but the phenotype remains poorly understood. METHODS We performed genetic testing on 810 individuals from 2 attenuated familial adenomatous polyposis kindreds harboring an identical germline adenomatous polyposis coli gene mutation. Colonoscopy was performed on mutation-positive persons. RESULTS The d...

AIM To describe the variation that divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) shows in patients after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery. METHODS Prospective and analytical study of DMT1 level at the brush border of proximal jejunum in patients having undergone RYGB surgery. The mucosa of proximal jejunum forming the gastrojejunal anastomosis was biopsied during surgery and after 6 mo later wit...

BACKGROUND Renal impairment is common in patients with atherosclerotic renovascular disease (ARVD), but its pathogenesis is uncertain. This study investigated whether any relationship existed between renal function and the severity of proximal renal arterial lesions in patients with ARVD. METHODS A cohort of 71 patients had creatinine clearance measured at the time of digital subtraction angi...