Four strains of Aedes aegypti (L.), one from Cuba and three from Venezuela, were bioassayed for susceptibility to eight insecticides, including the organophosphates, temephos, malathion, fenthion, pirimiphos methyl, and chlorpyrifos, and the pyrethroids, deltamethrin, lambda cyhalothrin and cypermethrin, S, S, S,-tributyl phosphorotrithioate and piperonyl butoxide were used as synergists to ass...

The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) regulates the homeostasis of bile acids, lipids, and glucose. Because endogenous chemicals bind and activate FXR, it is important to examine which xenobiotic compounds would disrupt normal receptor function. We used a cell-based human FXR β-lactamase (Bla) reporter gene assay to profile the Tox21 10K compound collection of environmental chemicals and drugs. Struct...

BACKGROUND The present study was designed to investigate the insecticidal efficacy of four different classes of insecticides: pyrethroids, organophosphates, phenyl-pyrazoles and neo-nicotenoids. One representative chemical from each class was selected to compare the toxicity: deltamethrin from pyrethroids, Dichlorovinyl Dimethyl Phosphate (DDVP) from organophosphates, fipronil from phenyl-pyraz...

A novel method is developed for separating and enriching pyrethroid pesticides from vegetables by solvent sublation, and determination of the pyrethroids is performed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The effects of organic solvent, pH of the solution, nitrogen flow rate, and sublation time on the sublation efficiency of pyrethroids are investigated in detail, and the optimal co...

A cross sectional survey on the prevalence of acute pyrethroid poisoning in cotton farmers was conducted in 1987 and 1988. A total of 3113 pyrethroid spraymen (2230 men (71.6%) and 883 women (28.4%] were interviewed after spraying and followed up for 72 hours. Adverse effects of pyrethroid exposure were found in 834 of them (26.8%) manifested as abnormal facial sensations, dizziness, headache, ...

Pyrethroid insecticides target voltage-gated sodium channels, which are critical for electrical signaling in the nervous system. The intensive use of pyrethroids in controlling arthropod pests and disease vectors has led to many instances of pyrethroid resistance around the globe. In the past two decades, studies have identified a large number of sodium channel mutations that are associated wit...

It has been estimated that 375,000 tons of pesticides are used for agriculture annually in the Midwest area of the United States, where approximately 65% of this total is used for production of corn and soybean crops (Clark et al., 1999). Within the Mississippi River Basin, greater than 100,000 tons of herbicides are used annually (Clark et al., 1999). Triazine herbicides (e.g. atrazine) and sy...

background: in turkey, vector control programs are mainly based on indoor residual spraying with pyre­throids against mosquitoes. no special control program is available for sand flies. most insecticide susceptibil­ity tests were done for mosquitoes but not for sand flies. we therefore aimed to determine the insecticide susceptibility against two commonly used insecticides; deltamethrin and per...