We describe n-generated free MV -algebras as MV-algebras having the lattice reduct which is a direct limit in the category of distributive lattices.

An immunoassay-based algorithm, involving three commercial kits, was introduced and evaluated for screening and identification of Giardia/Cryptosporidium antigens in human stool specimens. Initially, Giardia/Cryptosporidium Chek kit (TechLab), an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), was adopted for screening. The ELISA-positive reactions were subsequently characterised by RIDA Quick Giard...

While the ACO can find the optimal path of network, there are too many iterative times and too slow the convergence speed is also very slow. This paper proposes the Q-ACO QoSR based on convergence expectation with the real-time and the high efficiency of network. This algorithm defines index expectation function of link,and proposes convergence expectation and convergence grads. This algorithm ...

The paper presents a novel approach for type speciication manipulations as the basic operations intended to develop various forms of compositions in information systems. Among them are interoperable compositions of pre-existing components formed during the information systems design, heterogeneous multidatabase compositions, database sche-ma and ontology integration, compositions of workkows, c...

The quantal response equilibrium (QRE) notion of McKelvey and Palfrey (1995) has recently attracted considerable attention, due in part to its widely documented ability to rationalize observed behavior in games played by experimental subjects. However, even with strong a priori restrictions on unobservables, QRE imposes no falsifiable restrictions: it can rationalize any distribution of behavio...

Finding appropriate features is one of the key problems in the increasing applications of rough set theory, which is also one of the bottlenecks of the rough set methodology. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is particularly attractive for this challenging problem. In this paper, we attempt to solve the problem using a particle swarm optimization approach. The proposed approach discover the bes...

Dijkstra algorithm is a theoretical basis to solve transportation network problems of the shortest path, which has a wide range of application in path optimization. Through analyzing traditional Dijkstra algorithm, on account of the insufficiency of this algorithm in path optimization, this paper uses adjacency list and circular linked list with combination to store date, and through the improv...

Hirsch and Hodkinson proved, for 3 ≤ m < ω and any k < ω, that the class SNrmCAm+k+1 is strictly contained in SNrmCAm+k and if k ≥ 1 then the former class cannot be defined by any finite set of first order formulas, within the latter class. We generalise this result to the following algebras of m-ary relations for which the neat reduct operator Nrm is meaningful: polyadic algebras with or witho...

We unify the Kumjian-Renault Weyl groupoid construction with Lawson-Lenz version of Exel's tight construction. do this by utilising only a weak algebraic fragment C*-algebra structure, namely its *-semigroup reduct. Fundamental properties like local compactness are also shown to remain valid in general classes *-rings.