We report the observation of Coulomb blockade in a quantum dot contacted by two quantum point contacts each with a single fully transmitting mode, a system thought to be well described without invoking Coulomb interactions. Below 50 mK we observe a periodic oscillation in the conductance of the dot with gate voltage, corresponding to a residual quantization of charge. From the temperature and m...

This paper presents a micro electrostatic vibration-toelectricity energy converter. For the 3.3 V supply voltage and 1cm chip area constraints, optimal design parameters were found from theoretical calculation and Simulink simulation. In the current design, the output power is 200 μW/cm for the optimal load of 8 MΩ. The device was fabricated in a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer. Mechanical and...

A low-voltage test system is used to qualify various III-V semiconductor materials as photocathodes for the SLC. The system features a load lock to introduce samples, high pumping speed, a sensitive residual gas -analyzer, and an infrared temperature detector. Heat cleaning, cesiation, and oxidation procedures have been studied to optimize cathode activation for achieving an optimum NEA surface...

The article by Bukauskas et al. (2002) in this issue of The Journal addresses several key issues in the structure– function of connexin channels, and suggests a structural link between voltage-sensitive gating and the charge in the pore. Previous work on connexin32 (Cx32) noted a correlation between the sign of voltage-sensing charges and the rectification of the subconduc-tance state induced b...

In order to achieve integrated condition in the girth welding of high pressure natural gas transmission pipelines, the weld zones and its surrounding area should have good mechanical properties. Residual stresses are an important defect especially in the girth welding of the pipeline. In this study, two API X70 steel pipes (with spiral seam weld) of 56 inches outside diameter and 0.780 inch wal...

We used cell lines expressing wild-type connexin43 and connexin43 fused with the enhanced green fluorescent protein (Cx43-EGFP) to examine conductance and perm-selectivity of the residual state of Cx43 homotypic and Cx43/Cx43-EGFP heterotypic gap junction channels. Each hemichannel in Cx43 cell-cell channel possesses two gates: a fast gate that closes channels to the residual state and a slow g...

Observer based approaches are commonly embedded in sensorless variable speed drives for the purpose of speed control. It estimates system variables to produce errors or residual signals in conjunction with corresponding measurements. The residual signals then are relied to tune control parameters to maintain operational performance even if there are considerable disturbances such as noises and ...

1. The inward facing membranes of in vitro frog skin epithelium were depolarized with solutions of high K concentration. The electrical properties of the epithelium are then expected to be governed by the outward facing, Na-selective membrane.2. In this state, the transepithelial voltage (V) was clamped to zero and step-changes of Na activity in the outer solution ((Na)(o)) were performed with ...

introduction: cypermethrin causes its neurotoxic effect through voltage-dependent sodium channels and integral protein atpases in the neuronal membrane. brain and nerve damage are often associated with low residual level of pesticides. in vitro and in vivo studies have also shown that pesticides cause free radical-mediated tissue damage in brain. propolis has antioxidant properties. the main ch...