background: a high prevalence of human t-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (htlv-1) infection among general population in the northeast of iran has been reported. multi-transfused patients are known as ‘at-risk’ group for the infection. this systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the prevalence of htlv-1 infection among iranian multi-transfused patients. materials and method...

hospital ethics committees (hecs) help clinicians deal with the ethical challenges which have been raised during clinical practice. a comprehensive literature review was conducted to provide a historical background of the development of hecs internationally and describe their functions and practical challenges of their day to day work. this is the first part of a comprehensive literature review...

among the important discourses in financial law are the issues related to financial institutions. going through these issues are of considerable significance in islamic law since the lawmaker prohibits specific types of transactions – usurious, risk taking, harmful. enquiry into the legitimacy and nature of new financial products is among the important ventures of islamic financial law. one of ...

with increasing technology in providing health care services and specialization, health care organization requires application of costing methods for calculating income and expenses to improve the health care services and compensate the costs. for this purpose, most hospitals in the developed countries, estimated system costs based on affiliated diagnostic related groups. according to this new ...

A growing body of documents shows that rising average global temperatures can be one of several causes of disease emergence and reemergence among human and animal populations. In this regard, climate mostly affects diseases caused by pathogens that spend part of their lifecycle outside of the host, exposed to the environment like water-borne diseases, food-borne pathogens, and vector-borne zoon...