There is considerable empirical evidence suggesting that ambiguity (i.e., parameter risk) impacts pricing decisions by actuaries and underwriters and their desire to provide coverage. Stone proposed a safety first model of choice that provides a possible explanation for this behavior. This paper analyzes Stone's proposed stability and survival constraints and compares the results with those pre...

An overview of the background of Taylor series methods and the utilization of the differential algebraic structure is given, and various associated techniques are reviewed. The conventional Taylor methods are extended to allow for a rigorous treatment of bounds for the remainder of the expansion in a similarly universal way. Utilizing differential algebraic and functional analytic arguments on ...

Several technical difficulties diminish the usefulness of serum triglyceride estimation by the method of Stone and Thorp [C/in. Chim. Acta 14, 812 (1966)]. An artificial and somewhat unstable material is used in the standardization. Falsely elevated readings caused by scratched cuvettes are a frequent problem. Conventional quality-control procedures cannot be used because stable preparations ar...

Molecular dynamic simulation method has been employed to consider the critical buckling force, pressure, and strain of pristine and defected single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) under axial compression. Effects of length, radius, chirality, Stone-Wales (SW) defect, and single vacancy (SV) defect on buckling behavior of SWCNTs have been studied. Obtained results indicate that axial stability of...

We investigated the effects of applying an external electric field on electronic properties Stone-Wales (SW) defective carbon-boron-nitride nanotubes (CBN) using first principles calculations. The CBN were modeled by introducing Stone–Wales defects in boron-nitride segment (BN-SW), carbon (C-SW), and interface (CBN-SW). Initially, we studied formation energies structural stability for all model...

conclusions when evaluating flank pain in patients, it is important to remember that cbc parameters may support urinary stone disease, and considering cbc results may be useful in the diagnosis of urinary stone disease. patients and methods this study was a retrospective observational study of 3,099 patients who were admitted to the urology outpatient clinic or diagnosed with urinary stone dise...

This paper presents the results of experimental studies on deformation and strength anisotropy gravel-pebble soils used in soil dams. During stabilometric tests, varying shear angles were obtained for stone at different orientations particles working chamber, whether horizontal or vertical. As hydrostatic pressure chamber increased to 0.8 MPa, a reduction by 8-12 degrees depending direction lay...

This paper addresses an approximation-based anti-windup (AW) control strategy for suppressing the windup effect caused by actuator saturation nonlinearity in proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controlled systems. The effect of actuator constraint is firstly regarded as a disturbance imported to the PID controller. The external disturbance can then be modeled by a linear differential equatio...