cotton whitefly, bemisia tabaci gennadius (homoptera: aleyrodidae) is one of the most seriously damaging insect pests of agricultural products worldwide. it is highly polyphagous, damaging a broad range of food as well as non-food crops through direct feeding, excretion of honeydew and transmission of over 100 plant viruses. in iran, growers usually use insecticides as the main control agent of...

ramadan fasting is prescribed by quran for every able‐bodied, adult muslim and is considered an obligatory act of worship. during ramadan, the majority of muslims eat two major meals- one before dawn (sahar) and another immediately after the sunset (iftar). islamic fasting, due to its particular nature, may cause metabolic and hormonal changes in the body, which are different from those in regu...